Bombs/Explosives/Experiments Vinegar: 3-5% Acetic Acid Sani-Flush: 75% Bisulfate Tincture of Iodine: 47% Alcohol, 4% Iodine Rubbing Alcohol: 70% or 99% Isopropyl alcohol [*-> Household Substitutes <*-] Chemical Name Household Substitute Acacia Gum Arabic Acetic Acid Vinegar Aluminum Oxide Alumia Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Alum Aluminum Sulfate Alum Ammonium Carbonate Hartshorn Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonia Water Ammonium Nitrate Saltpeter Ammonium Oleate Bannana Oil Barium Sulfide Black Ash Carbon Carbonate Chalk Calcium Hypochloride Bleaching Powder Calcium Oxide Lime Calcium Sulphate Plaster of Paris Carbonic Acid Seltzer Carbon Tetrachloride Cleaning Fluid Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Ammonium Salt Citric Acid Citrus Fruits Ethylene Dichloride Dutch Fluid Ferric Oxide Iron Rust Furfuraldehyde Bran Oil Glucose Corn Syrup Graphite Pencil Tip Hydrochloric Acid Muriatic Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Peroxide Lead Acetate Sugar of Lead Lead Tetro-oxide Red Lead Magnesium Hydroxide Milk of Magnesia Magnesium Silicate Talc Magnesium Sulfate Epsom Salts Methyl Salicylate Wintergreen Oil Napthalene Mothballs Phenol Carbolic Acid Potassium Bicarbonate Cream of Tartar Potassium Bitartrate Saltpeter Potassium Chromium Sulfate Chrome Alum Potassium Nitrate Saltpeter Silicon Dioxide Sand Sodium Bicarbonate Baking Soda Sodium Borate Borax Sodium Carbonate Washing Soda Sodium Chloride Salt Sodium Dioxide Sand Sodium Hydroxide Lye Sodium Hydroxide Drain Cleaner Sodium Silicate Water glass Sodium Sulfate Grauber's Salt Sodium Thiosulfate Photographers hypo Sulfuric Acid Battery Acid Sucrose Cane Sugar Zinc Chloride Tinner's Fluid Zinc Sulfate White Vitriol [ ] * Generating Chlorine Gas * Get a large bottle and put AJAX in the bottom. Then pour some Ammonia down into the bottle. Since the gas is heavier than air, it will stay down in there unless you use large amounts of AJAX or Ammonia. [ ] * Chlorine + Turpentine * Take a small cloth or rag and soak it in Turpentine. Quickly drop it into the bottle of Chlorine. It should give off alot of black smoke and probably start burning... [ ] * Chlorine Fuse Bomb * Materials: -1 Large explosive (M-80 or above) -1 Large cylindrical cardboard container such as kool-aid drink mix -1 Roll of black electrical tape Fill the container half-way with comet cleanser. Then nestle the explosive on the cleanser. Pour more cleanser until container is filled, leave explosive's wick sticking out above the comet, stick fuse through plastic top to the container tightly. To ignite this bomb just light the fuse and move quickly. The bomb will explode and fill the air with poison gas. [ ] * Chlorine Gas * Materials: -1 Two liter bottle -1 Measuring cup -1 Bottle of chlorox bleach -1 Bottle of Ammonia Pour 1/2 a cup of chlorox into the bottle. Pour 1/2 cup of Ammonia into the bottle. Quickly screw on the cap to the bottle and throw the bottle far away. The cap will blow off releasing a deadly cloud of fumes. [ ] * Chloride of Azode * A good example of how ammonium nitrate can be chemically mixed with other substances, and impart its explosive qualities to these otherwise nonexplosive materials, is in the preparation of chloride of azode. 1. A quantity of chlorine gas is collected in a small glass beaker, and placed upside down on another glass beaker containing a water solution of ammonium nitrate. 2. Now the solution of ammonium nitrate is heated gently. While it is being heated, the surface of the solution will become oily, and finally small droplets will form and sink to the bottom of the beaker. 3. After this process is finished, remove the heat and drain off excess ammonium nitrate solution. The droplets that remain at the bottom of the beaker are chloride of azode of nitrochloride. Nitrochloride explodes violently when brought into contact with an open flame, or when exposed to temperatures above 212 degrees F. There are hundreds and hundreds of formulas for the use of ammonium nitrate, in different explosive compounds. For further information, a chemistry manual or handbook of explosives can be useful. [ ] * Hydrogen + Chlorine * Take the test tube of Hydrogen and cover the mouth with your thumb. Keep it inverted, and bring it near the bottle of Chlorine (Not one that has reacted with Turpentine) Say "Goodbye test tube", and drop it into the bottle. the Hydrogen and Chlorine should react and possibly explode (Depending on purity and amount of each gas) an interesting thing about this is they will not react if it is dark and no heat or energy is around, but when a light is turned on, enough energy is present to cause them to react... [ ] * Generating Hydrogen Gas * To generate Hydrogen, all you need is an acid and a metal that will react with that acid, try Vinegar (Acetic Acid) with Zinc, Aluminum, Magnesium, Etc. You can now collect Hydrogen in something, if you note Hydrogen is lighter than air. Light a small amount and it burns with a small *POP* Another way of creating Hydrogen is by an electrolysis of water, this involves separating water (H2O) into Hydrogen and Oxygen by an electric current. To do this you need a 6-12 Volt battery, two test tubes, a large bowl, two carbon electrodes (Take them out of any unworking 6-12 Volt battery), and table salt. Dissolve the salt in a large bowl of water. submerge the two test tubes in the water and put the electrodes inside them, with the mouth of the tube aiming down. Connect the battery to some wire going down to the electrodes. This will work for awhile, but Chlorine will be generated along with oxygen which will undoubtedly corrode your copper wires leading to the Carbon electrodes. (The table salt is broken up into Chlorine and Sodium ions, the Chlorine comes off as a gas with oxygen while Sodium reacts with water to form Sodium Hydroxide...) Therefore, if you can get your hands on some Sulfuric Acid, use it instead. It will not affect the water conduct electricity. [ ] * Creating Oxygen * Get Hydrogen Peroxide and Magnesium Dioxide (It's a black powder found in batteries) mix the two in a bottle, and possibly some vaseline. The two will react and give off oxygen. If the bottle is stoppered, pressure will build up and shoot it off, if stoppered too tight notice it will explode. [ ] * Iodine * Tincture of Iodine contains mostly Alcohol and a little Iodine. To separate them, put the tincture of Iodine in a metal lid from a bottle and heat it over a candle. Have a stand holding another metal lid directly over the tincture (about 4-6 inches above it) with ice in top of it. the Alcohol should evaporate, and the Iodine should sublime, but should form Iodine crystals on the cold metal lid above. If this works, you can use the iodine along with household ammonia to form Nitrogen Triiodine. [ ] *How To Make Nitrogen Tri-Iodide* Probably the most hazardous explosive compound of all is nitrogen tri-iodide. Strangely enough, it is very popular with high school chemsits, who do not have the vaguest idea of what they are doing. The reason for its popularity may be the ready availability of the ingredients, but it is so sensitive to friction that a fly landing on it, has been known to detonate it. The recipe has only been included as a warning and a curiosity. It should not be used. [1> Add a small amount of solid iodine crystals to about 20 cc. of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. This operation must be performed very slowly, until a brownish-red precipitate is formed. [2> Now it is filtered through filter paper, and then washed first with alcohol and secondly with ether. Tri-idodide must remain wet, since when it dries it becomes super sensitive to friction, and a slight touch can set it off. [*Nitrogen Triiodide*] Nitrogen Triiodide is a very powerful and very shock sensitive explosive. Never store it and be carful when you're around it- Sound, Air movements, and other tiny things could set it off. MATERIALS- 2-3G Iodine 15ML concentrated Ammonia 8 sheets filter paper 50ml beaker Feather mounted on a two meter pole Ear plugs Tape Spatula Stirring Rod Add 2-3g Iodine to 15ml Ammonia in the 50ml beaker. Stir, let stand for 5 minutes. Do the following within 5 minutes! Retain the solid, decant the liquid (Pour off the liquid but keep the brown solid...). Scrape the brown residue of Nitrogen Triiodide onto a stack of four sheets of filter paper. Divide solid into four parts, putting each on a seperate sheet of dry filter paper. Tape in position, leave to dry undisturbed for at least 30 minutes (Preferrably longer). To detonate, touch with feather. (Wear ear plugs when detonating or cover ears- it is very loud!) [*Nitrogen Triiodide #2] Five grams iodine three grams potassium iodide 20 ml. concentrated ammonium hydroxide filter paper & funnel. Stir the potassium iodide and iodine together in a beaker with 50 ml. of water. Add the ammonium hydroxide with stirring until no more precipitate forms. Filter and spread a thin layer of the wet solid on several filter papers. Break the filter papers into many small pieces and allow to dry for several hours. On drying, the paper is extremely sensitive to touch and will explode violently with the slightest disturbance. Can be handled safely when wet. Do not let any sizeable quantity of the dry material accumulate. --- I was able to buy concentrated ammonium hydroxide from a photographic supply. [ ] * Gun Powder * Materials: -3 Cups granulated potassium nitrate -2 Cups powdered charcoal -1/2 Cup sulfur -3 Pints Rubbing Alcohol -3 Cups Water 1. Place the alcohol in a 2 Gallon bucket 2. Place Potassium Nitrate, Charcoal, and Sulfur in a heat resistant 2 gallon bucket. Add 1 cup of water and mix very thoroughly until all of the ingredients are dissolved. 3. Add two more cups of water then place the bucket over an open fire and stir until you see small bubbles forming. 4. Remove the bucket from the fire and pour it's contents into the alcohol bucket. 5. Let the mixture set for about 5 minutes. Strain the liquid through a thick cloth, then squeeze in such a way that the powder left on it is formed into a good sized clump. 6. Place some screening over a dry bucket, and rub the clump of powder over it. 7. Pour the powder from the bucket over some sun-stricken cement to dry Remove from sun as soon as dry. You now have some gun powder to do with what you please... [*Gun Powder II (Easy Version)* 85% Potassium Nitrate 65% Potassium Chlorate 12% Charcoal 22% Charcoal 32% Sulfur 13% Sulfur Potassium Chlorate is the same thing as Sodium Chlorate or Salt Peter Mix dry, add water to make past, let dry, then crush to grain. Do not use metal object when crushing. [ ] * Fertilizer Explosive * Materials: -Fertilizer with containing no less than 32% total Nitrogen -A 1:1 mixture of Oil and Gasoline -16 Ounce bottle 1. Crush the fertilizer into a flour like substance 2. Mix 32 parts fertilizer to 1 part oil/gas mixture while stirring vigorously 3. Spoon mixture into 16 Ounce bottle 4. Insert blasting cap, just below the surface of the fertilizer explosive, ignite when ready. [ ] * Fertilizer Explosive # 2 * Materials: -Fertilizer with no less than 32% Nitrogen 1. Grind the fertilizer into a flour like substance 2. Mix 4 parts fertilizer to 1 part bronzing powder 3. Store in air-tight container until ready to use 4. When ready to use, go to step 4 of Fertilizer Explosive #1 [ ] * Sodium Chlorate/Sugar Explosive * Materials: -Sodium Chlorate -Granual sugar -Steel pipe threaded at one end and one end cap 1. Mix 3 parts sodium chlorate to 2 parts sugar 2. Screw on the end cap onto one of the threaded ends 3. Pour the mixture into the pipe 4. Insert a blasting cap just below the surface of the mixture [ ] * Picric Acid * Materials: -Asprin tablets -95% pure alcohol -Sulfuric Acid (from car battery; boil until white fumes appear) -Potassium Nitrate (Part II) 1. Crush 20 asprin in a glass container then add 1 teaspoon water and mix into a paste while stirring 2. Add about 1/3 to 1/2 cup of Alcohol to the asprin paste while stirring 3. Tape a paper towel over a glass container and pour the solution over it. Pitch the residue left on the paper towel. 4. Pour the filtered solution into a glass or ceramic dish 5. Heat a pan of water 160-180 degrees. Place the dish into the Alcohol/Water solution evaporates leaving behind white powder 6. Pour 1/3 cup of Sulfuric Acid into a jar then add the white powder 7. Place the jar into a pan of simmering water for about 15 minutes then remove the jar from the pan. The solution should turn yellow-orange in color 8. Add 3 teaspoons of Potassium Nitrate to solution while stirring vigorously. The solution will turn red then back to yellow-orange 9. Allow the solution to cool to room temperature while stirring occasionally 10. Pour the solution into a glass containing 1 1/4 cup of water while stirring vigorously 11. Filter the solution through a paper towel into a glass container 12. Wash the yellow particles that collect on the towel with 2 teaspoons of water. 13. Place the particles in a glass or ceramic dish and set in simmering water for 2 hours [ ] * How To Make Picric Acid * Method for the preparation of picric acid: 1. Phenol is melted and then mixed with a concentrated solution of sulfuric acid. The mixture is constantly stirred and kept at a steady temperature of 95 degrees C., for four to six hours, depending on the quantities of phenol used. 2. After this, the acid-phenol solution is diluted with distilled water, and an equal excess amount of nitric acid is added. The mixture of the nitric acid will cause an immediate reaction, which will produce heat, so the addition of the acid must be performed slowly, but more importantly the temperature of the solution must NOT GO ABOVE 110 degrees C. 3. Ten or so minutes after the addition of the nitric acid, the picric acid will be fully formed, and you can draw off the excess acid. It should be filtered and washed in the same manner as above, until the litmus paper tests show that there is little or no acid present. When washing, use only cold water. After this, the picric acid should be allowed to partially dry. Picric acid is a more powerful explosive than TNT, but it has disadvantages. It is much more expensive to make, and is best handled in a wet 10% distilled water form, as picric acid becomes very unstable when completely dry. This compound should never be put into direct contact with any metal, since instantly on contact there is a formation of metal picrate, which explodes spontanteously upon formation. [ ] * Electrical Blasting Cap * Materials: -.75 Grams of Mercury Fulminate -Picric Acid -Spent casing of at least .22 calibre (.45, .50, .38, etc...) -12" fuse with insulated wire 1. Strip about 1/4" of the insulation from the center of the wire 2. Drill 2 holes in the casing 3. Thread the wire so that the non-insulated area is inside the casing 4. Fill the casing with the Mercury Fulminate 5. When your done with step 8, connect one end of the wire to the positive lead of a battery (the higher the voltage the better) 6. Connect one end of the second wire to the negative lead and the second wire to a SPST or DPST or other 2-way switch (make sure the switch is in the off position) 7. Connect the other end of the first wire to the other end of the switch 8. Flip the switch whenever your ready to ignite the blasting cap. [ ] * How to make Mercury Fulminate for Blasting caps * 3.12 MERCURY FULMINATE Mercury fulminate is perhaps one of the oldest known initiating compounds. It can be detonated by either heat or shock, which would make it of infinite value to a terrorist. Even the action of dropping a crystal of the fulminate causes it to explode. A person making this material would probably use the following procedure: Method # 1 1. Take 5 grams of pure mercury and mix it with 35 milliliters of Nitric Acid. 2. The misture is slowly and gently heated as soon as the solution bubbles and turns green, one knows the silver mercury is dissolved. 3. After it is dissolved, the solution should be poured, slowly, into a small container of Ethyl Alcohol. This will result in red fumes. 4. After a half hour or so, the red fumes will turn white, indicating that the process is nearing its final stage. 5. After a few minutes, add distilled water to the solution 6. The entire solution is now filtered, in order to obtain the small white crystals. These crystals are pure mercury fulminate, but should be washed many time, and tested with litmus paper for any remaining acid. Method # 2 1. Mix one part Mercuric Oxide with ten parts Ammonia solution. When ratios are reached they are always according to weight rather than volume 2. After waiting eight to ten days, one will see that the Mercuric Oxide has reacted with the Ammonia solution to produce the white fulminate crystals 3. These crystals must be washed several times and tested with litmus paper for any remaining acid [ ] *Cheap Electrical Igniters Materials: pack of 100 silicon diodes (available at any electronic store; you know you got the right ones if they are very,very small glass objects.) pack of matches 1 candle Procedure: 1. light the candle and allow a large pool of molten wax to form in the top. 2. take a single match and hold the glass part of a single diode against the head....bend the wires around the head so that one wraps in an upward direction and then sticks out to the side...do the same with the other wire, but in a downward direction. The diode should now be hugging the match head, but its wires MUST NOT TOUCH EACH OTHER!!!! 3. dip the match head in wax to give it a water-proof coat (work under water) 4. repeat steps 1 - 3 to make as many as you want How to use: When these little dudes are hooked across a 6vDC battery, the diode reaches what is called break-down voltage. When most electrical components reach this voltage, they usually produce great ammounts of heat and light, while quickly melting into a little blob. This heat is enough to ingite a match head. These are recomended for use under water, where most other ingniters refuse to work. Enjoy! [ ] * Land Mine * Materials: -1 M-80 or other explosive -3 Wires -1 9 Volt battery -1 Solar igniter -1 Pressure plate switch 1. Connect the wire from battery to switch to solar igniter to battery 2. Replace fuse on M-80 with solar ignitor 3. Hide device under a light coat of dirt 4. Place switch in the path when switch is pressured the bomb will go off [ ] * Detonators * The most common time-delay device is an ordinary safety fuse. These fuses usually consist of a black-powder core surrounded with a fabric and then a layer of waterproof material. Although there are many different types, it can generally be said that safety fuses burn between 30 and 45 seconds per foot; however, check these figures when you make your purchase. Fuses can be bought from any mail-order pryotechnics company. Two with whom I have dealt are: Ecco Products Box 189 Northvale, New Jersey 07647 Westech Corporation P.O. Box 8193 Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 Double-coated waterproof fuse usually sells for 20 to 25 dollars for a thousand to fifteen hundred feet. I would advise purchasing this equipment, since homemade fuses are not to be trusted. Bombs can be detonated in many ways. The detonation and use of certain devices are based mainly on the cleverness and imagination of the saboteur. I will discuss several basic forms of detonators, both nonelectric and electric. However, there is an infinite number of variations, which may be better suited to individual situations. The first type is referred to either as a tension-release, or a wiretrap device. It operates on the principle of releasing the tension caused by a wound spring, on the firing pin, and allowing it to strike and set off a nonelectrical blasting cap. The nonelectrical blasting cap will in turn generate the necessary heat to ignite the TNT or dynamite. This can be implemented in many ways. A common method in which the wire-trip device can be employed is stretching a trip wire six inches above the ground. Another equally popular method of employing the tension-release device is attaching the taut wire to the back of a door, so that, when the door is opened, the tension is released, and the explosive ignites. A device very similar to the last one is the pull-trigger electric detonator. It functions in the same manner, in that a safety pin is removed from the striker or firing pin, causing it to move forward and connect with a metal plate. This connection with the metal plate completes the electrical circuit. The batteries have been connected by wires to an electrical blasting cap, a metal plate, and finally to the firing pin. Although professional supplies for this equipment are available at reasonable prices, the device can be constructed from household items. The construction of this device is as follows: two flashlight batteries are connected to each other, and then one wire is run from one end of the batteries to the electrical blasting cap, the other wire from the opposite end of the batteries to the metal plate. A third wire is run from the blasting cap to the firing pin. This now completes the fully cocked device. In the same manner as the explosive is detonated, so is the common military grenade. The principle of a tension release is the same. After the pin is pulled out of the military grenade, the spring is free to react, causing the primer to ignite the lead-spitter fuse, and it in turn will ignite the lead oxide and pentolite. The pentolite will release enough heat to ignite the TNT and cause fragmentation of the metal casing. The next type of detonating device I am going to discuss is called the pressure-trigger device. It is based on the application of pressure rather than its release, as in the previous devices. This mechanism is primarily used when an electrical circuit is employed. The plunger is pushed down; it forces one thin metal plate against another thicker metal plate. The batteries are connected, via the blasting cap, to each of these metal plates. Therefore, when they touch, the electrical circuit is complete, and the explosive will ignite. This type of device has several important advantages. First of all, it can be constructed away from the area it will be used in. This will cut installation time down to seconds. [ ] * Pressure Detonators * The next type of detonating device I will discuss is called a releas-of-pressure mechanism. This device employs exactly the same principles as the pressure-trigger device, except in reverse. The movement of the pressure plate, rather than down, is now up. This can be used effectively when a weight is placed on the pressure plate. Then when it is removed, the explosives will be ignited. To construct, use a heavy-duty spring beneath the first metal plate. Connect a wire from the blasting cap to the first metal plate. The second wire is then stretched from the bottom of battery "A", to the second metal plate. The third wire is run from the electrical blasting cap to the top of battery "B". When this is accomplished, the booby trap is fully cocked. When the weight on the pressure plate is remove, the spring will will force the second metal plate against the first, thus completing the electrical circuit and exploding the device. In a tension-release booby trap, when the tension, resulting from a wire pulling on a pliable metal strip, is released, the metal strip will snap back into another metal strip. Since the wires from the batteries and blasting cap are connected to either metal strip, when they touch, the circuit will be complete and it will detonate the explosive charge. This type of detonator is especially effective when attached to drawers, doors, or any movable object. [ ] * Mortars * Materials: -3" Long and 4" Diameter iron pipe, threaded at one end -End cap for pipe -Gun powder -9 Volt lantern battery and wires -1 Pound of small stones or other small metal scrap (hex nuts) -2, 20" X 20" rags -Paper bag -Light bulb 1. Screw the end cap on the pipe 2. Using a file, make a hole in the top of the light bulb 3. Fill the light bulb and sack with gun powder 4. Solder two very long wires to the base of the light bulb 5. Put the bulb in the sack with the wires hanging out. Fill the rest of the sack with gun powder 6. Put the sack into the back of the pipe. Make sure the wires lead out of the pipe 7. Wad up one of the rags and pack it into the pipe. Make sure the wires led out of the pipe. 8. Insert scrap, stones, shrapnel on top of the first rag 9. Wad up the second rag and pack it in at the top 10. Use some form of electrical tape 11. Use battery to ignite [ ] * Pressure Plate Switch * Materials: -9 Volt Lantern battery -Piece of wood size of the pressure plate you want -Four small pieces of wood approximately 1/4" thickness -A piece of flexible conductive material (sheet metal,cut coke can,etc.) 1. Nail the four extra pieces of wood to the corners of the largest piece of wood. 2. Connect one wire to the positive lead of the battery 3. Nail the stripped end of the positive wire to the center of the large piece of wood. 4. Solder a second wire to the piece of metal 5. Dig a hole where you want the pressure plate. Place the piece of wood into the bottom of the hole. Set the metal on top of the four supports. Cover with a loose, thin layer of dirt, leaves, etc. 6. Attatch a third wire to the negative battery lead [ ] * Briefcase Bomb * Materials: -Briefcase -Moustrap -9 Volt battery -Plastique -Electrical blasting cap 1. Remove all parts of the mousetrap except for the spring loaded lever 2. Attatch a wire to the positive lead of the battery and wrap it around the lever 3. Attatch a second wire to the negative lead to the battery to one end of the wire of the blasting cap 4. Attatch a second wire to the other end of the blasting cap wire 5. Put in a considerable amount of plastique into the briefcase 6. Insert blasting caps 7. Tape down the battery and mousetrap to the bottom of the case 8. Push back lever and tape the final loose wire (leads to blasting cap) to the mousetrap so that if the lever would be released. It would complete the circuit 9. Keeping the lever held back in it's spring-loaded position, close the briefcase top and lock it 10. When it's opened, the lever will spring shut, completing the circuit to the blasting cap, igniting the plastique and blowing them to hell... [ ] * Booby Traps * [Road Trap] This incorporates a wire-trip action to complete the electrical circuit. It is extremely simple to make, since all the equipment can be gathered around the house. The great advantage to this particular device is that the explosives are detonated when the vehicle is directly over it, so insuring maximum destruction. To construct a road trap, begin by digging three holes across a roadway. Into two of the holes place the explosive charges, and into the third place a regular car battery. Connect the first wire from the negative terminal of the battery via each of the blasting caps, in each charge, to a metal pin on one side of an ordinary clothespin. The clothespin must be kept open by a small wooden wedge, which is attached to a thin black wire stretched across the roadway. When the semi-invisible wire is pulled, the wodden wedge will fall out of the clothespin, thus closing the clothespin. When the clothespin is closed, the two metal pins will connect the electrical circuit, thus exploding the charges. [Walk Trap] This incorporates the same type of wire-trap action as described in the road trap. The walk trap is not electrically operated, it relies on a percussion detonator. When the wire is pulled, it pulls the safety pin out of the heavy firing pin. The heat created from the detonator's explosion will be sufficient to set off the TNT. This type of booby trap is especially effective in dense undergrowth where the trip wire cannot be readily seen (see figure). ###### ######## #[TREE]# ######## ###### || || /|| !:!.;!.!.;!:;.! / || !:;[Tall Grass];! Wire->/ || !;::!;;.;!.;;!.;! / || !.;..!;..;.:!.;!! / || ______________________!.!!;.!:..!..:!.!______/_____||_________________ -----[Board]----- / | ______ | / |----|heavy |---|---/ <-Safety Pin | |firing| | | \pin / | | \ / | | \/ | | | | | |------####-----| <---[### = Detonator] |///////////////| |/////[TNT]/////| |///////////////| |_______________| [Bangalore Torpedo] This is nothing more than a few sections of pipe filled with sticks of dynamite, sealed at the ends, and joined in the middle by couplings, thus permitting the torpedo to be of varying lengths. The cap at one end must have a small hole drilled in it, so that a fuse and blasting cap can be inserted. It can be used very effectively to destroy walls, barricades, and steel or iron doors. These are also great weapons against cars, trucks, and even trains. If piping of this sort is not available, you can make a substitute torpedo by taking a stick of dynamite and wrapping it tightly with electric tape and thin copper wire. To be effectvie, it should have many layers of each. [Homemade Hand Grenade] This is constructed from an empty, clean, condensed-milk can, attached to a wodden handle. It is then filled halfway with a layer of dynamite. In the dynamite is placed a nonelectric blasting cap, with a five to six second fuse. The dynamite is then covered with small pieces of iron, until the can is full. Seal the top of the open end closed, leaving a small hole for the fuse. / ====|==== =.:.|.:.= =:.:|.:.= <--[:.: = Iron Scraps] =.:.|:.:= =---|---= =///+///= =///+///= <--[+ = Non-electric Blasting Cap] =///+///= =///////= =///////= <--[/// = Dynamite] ========= ||| ||| <-- Wooden Handle ||| ||| [Anti-Personnel Grenade] This is constructed by taking a piece of pipe and closing it at one end, either by soldering or by screwing a cap on it. The pipe is packed tightly with dynamite, and sealed at the other end, leaving a small hole for the detonator, which is made in the following manner. A piece of one-eighth-inch tubing is fastened to the end of a piece of fuse, which in turn is attached to a detonating cap. On the other end of the fuse, a bit of cotton, saturated with chlorate of potassium and common sugar, is placed, followed by another piece of cotton and a little vial of sulferic acid. (This vial must be hermetically sealed, to prevent leakage). Finally, a piece of wood or iron, which can be easily moved, is packed in the remaining empty space. The piece of wood is placed there, so that when the pipe is moved the piece of iron or wood will fall against the vial of sulfuric acid and break it. Once the sulfuric acid contacts the potassium chlorate, the chemical reaction will cause a very hot flame, which will ignite the fuse and cause the explosion. If this type of device is placed in a roadway, or directly in the path of the enemy army, there is a good change it will be set off - either by a kick or by curiosity. [Book Trap] To construct this, you will need a large book, perhaps a thousand pages. The book should be hollowed out, leaving the edges intact. In this hollow place, put a dry cell battery and your explosive, and connect the wires. Fix two metal contact points to the edges of the book, and separate them with a wooden wedge, which is attached to the rear wall of the bookcase. This must be accomplished in such a manner that, when the book is removed from the shelf, the metal contact points will touch and complete the electrical circuit, thus causing the detonation of the explosive charge. [ ] BOOK BOMBS Concealing a bomb can be extremely difficult in a day and age where perpetrators of violence run wild. Bags and briefcases are often searched by authorities whenever one enters a place where an individual might intend to set off a bomb. One approach to disguising a bomb is to build what is called a book bomb; an explosive device that is entirely contained inside of a book. Usually, a relatively large book is required, and the book must be of the hardback variety to hide any protrusions of a bomb. Dictionaries, law books, large textbooks, and other such books work well. When an individual makes a bookbomb, he/she must choose a type of book that is appropriate for the place where the book bomb will be placed. The actual construction of a book bomb can be done by anyone who possesses an electric drill and a coping saw. First, all of the pages of the book must be glued together. By pouring an entire container of water-soluble glue into a large bucket, and filling the bucket with boiling water, a glue-water solution can be made that will hold all of the book's pages together tightly. After the glue-water solution has cooled to a bearable temperature, and the solution has been stirred well, the pages of the book must be immersed in the glue-water solution, and each page must be thoroughly soaked. It is extremely important that the covers of the book do not get stuck to the pages of the book while the pages are drying. Suspending the book by both covers and clamping the pages together in a vice works best. When the pages dry, after about three days to a week, a hole must be drilled into the now rigid pages, and they should drill out much like wood. Then, by inserting the coping saw blade through the pages and sawing out a rectangle from the middle of the book, the individual will be left with a shell of the book's pages. The pages, when drilled out, should look like this: ________________________ | ____________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |__________________| | |______________________| (book covers omitted) This rectangle must be securely glued to the back cover of the book. After building his/her bomb, which usually is of the timer or radio controlled variety, the bomber places it inside the book. The bomb itself, and whatever timer or detonator is used, should be packed in foam to prevent it from rolling or shifting about. Finally, after the timer is set, or the radio control has been turned on, the front cover is glued closed, and the bomb is taken to its destination. [Loose Floorboard Trap] This one utilizes the same principles as the Book Trap, in that is relies on two metal contact points touching to complete the electrical circuit. Beneath the loose floorboard are two strips of pliable metal of bamboo, each with a metal contact point, which will touch when pressure is brought down on the loose floorboard. [Gate Trap] This is an extremely simple, effective, and relatively safe booby trap. To cock the booby trap, pull the pin on a regular tension release grenade, and place beneath a swining gate, or anywhere that will supply the pressure necessary. When the gate is moved (either opened or closed), the pressure will be released and the grenade detonated. [Chimney Trap] Take three or four sticks of dynamite and tape them together. Attach a nonelectrical blasting cap, with a three or four foot fuse. Now tape the dynamite about five feet up on the inside of the chimney, leaving the fuse hanging loose downward. The end of the fuse should be about a foot or so up the chimney so that it is out of sight. When a fire is lit, the heat generated will ignite the fuse, and it will explode the charge, further up the chimney. This works extremely well, since most of the tamping is supplied by the very structure of the chimney. [Car Trap] It has many advantages, the most important being that you do not have to carry your own power supply, but rather use the ignition system of the car itself. Wires are run from the electrical blasting cap to points along the electrical ignititon system, and attached with alligator clips. When the key it turned, it will complete the ignition system, and thus explode the bomb. A good place to hide explosives is in the hollow cavity behind the dashboard, since then the full force of the explosion will be directed at the individuals in the front seat. [Pipe Trap] There are basically two methods of booby-trapping a pipe. The first is very similar to the chimney trap, except the intent is to blow off the smoker's head. A small amount of tetryl or lead azide is placed in the mouthpiece of the pipe, and a fuse is attached, which leads through the rest of the pipe to a point about one-quarter-inch beneath the bowl. When the smoker lights the pipe, the fuse will be lit, and burn down untouched, until it detonates the explosives in the mouthpiece, and blows the smoker's head off. The second method is a little more complex but just as effective. A very sensitive explosive is placed in the mouthpiece, as before, except an activated firing pin is placed in the stem of the pipe. The smoker will attempt to light the pipe and find he cannot suck through it. Believing the stem to be blocked with tar or nicotine, he will unscrew the threaded joint. The act of unscrewing will release the firing pin, and detonate the explosives. [Cacodyal] Since it is not feasible to make napalm in your kitchen, you will have to be satisfied with cacodyal. This made by chemically extracting all the oxygen from alcohol, and then replacing it, under laboratory controls, with metal arsenic. The formula for alcohol is C4 H5 O, whereas for cacodyal it is C4 H5 AR. Now, this new substance, cacodyal, possesses spontaneous inflammability, the moment it is exposed to the air. Therefore it can be put into a bottle and used like a Molotov Cocktail. If it is thrown, it will explode on impact, but this is not its real advantage. When it explodes, a dense white smoke is given off. This is white arsenic, a deadly poin. One inhalation will probably cause death in a matter seconds. [Molotov Cocktail] This is an incendiary bomb, which bursts into flame on breaking. A quart bottle is filled with 2/3 gasoline and 1/3 oil. A fuse is made of an old gasoline-soaked rag, and then stuffed into the mouth of the bottle. The bottle is corked, and the fuse is lit. It is thrown and, when it breaks, it will burst into flame. The enemy will not be able to extinguish the fire with water. These were used with varying degree of success in the struggle in Hungary. According to some reports they can disable a tank. [MOLOTOV COCKTAILS] First used by Russians against German tanks, the Molotov cocktail is now exclusively used by terrorists worldwide. They are extremely simple to make, and can produce devastating results. By taking any highly flammable material, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, ethyl or methyl alcohol, lighter fluid, turpentine, or any mixture of the above, and putting it into a large glass bottle, anyone can make an effective firebomb. After putting the flammable liquid in the bottle, simply put a piece of cloth that is soaked in the liquid in the top of the bottle so that it fits tightly. Then, wrap some of the cloth around the neck and tie it, but be sure to leave a few inches of lose cloth to light. Light the exposed cloth, and throw the bottle. If the burning cloth does not go out, and if the bottle breaks on impact, the contents of the bottle will spatter over a large area near the site of impact, and burst into flame. Flammable mixtures such as kerosene and motor oil should be mixed with a more volatile and flammable liquid, such as gasoline, to insure ignition. A mixture such as tar or grease and gasoline will stick to the surface that it strikes, and burn hotter, and be more difficult to extinguish. A mixture such as this must be shaken well before it is lit and thrown [Whistle Trap & Other Handy Devices] A booby trap that has an effect similar to the one created by the pipe trap, is the whistle booby trap. It is constructed by separating the metal or plastic sides into their natural halves. This can be accomplished by steaming. Now, fill each half one-fourth full of an extremely friction- sensitive explosive. Before gluing the two halves together, include a small ball made of a rough sandpaper-like substance (glue some sand together). When the whistle is blown, the ball will bounce around inside the shell, creating enough friction heat to set off the explosive charge. An interesting booby trap can be constructed by using a bottle, full of a highly sensitive liquid explosive, which will detonate on the extraction of the cork. The cork is designed with a friction element that pulls through a sensitive explosive. When this booby trap explodes, it does extensive damage, due to the fragmentation of the glass. An extremely simple device for setting a time-delay fire is a book of matches, with a lighted cigarette stuck in it. This is then left upon combustible material. The cigarette, as it burns down, will light the matches, and they in turn will generate the heat necessary to ignite the other larger combustible material. Another incendiary time-delay device is constructed out of a candle, friction matches, and several rags soaked either in gasoline or kerosene. The candle is placed upright in the center of the bundle of matches. As the candle burns down, it will ignite the matches, and they will ignite the rags. One can usually expect about a fifteen-minute delay with this device. [ ] * Trap Light Bulbs * An automatic reaction to walking into a dark room is to turn on the light. This can be fatal, if a lightbulb bomb has been placed in the overhead light socket. A lightbulb bomb is surprisingly easy to make. It also comes with its own initiator and electric ignition system. On some lightbulbs, the lightbulb glass can be removed from the metal base by heating the base of a lightbulb in a gas flame, such as that of a blowtorch or gas stove. This must be done carefully, since the inside of a lightbulb is a vacuum. When the glue gets hot enough, the glass bulb can be pulled off the metal base. On other bulbs, it is necessary to heat the glass directly with a blowtorch or oxy-acetylene torch. When the bulb is red hot, a hole must be carefully poked in the bulb, remembering the vacuum state inside the bulb. In either case, once the bulb and/or base has cooled down to room temperature or lower, the bulb can be filled with an explosive material, such as black powder. If the glass was removed from the metal base, it must be glued back on to the base with epoxy. If a hole was put in the bulb, a piece of duct tape is sufficient to hold the explosive in the in the bulb. Then, after making sure that the socket has no power by checking with a working lightbulb, all that need be done is to screw the lightbulb bomb into the socket. Such a device has been used by terrorists or assassins with much success, since nobody can search the room for a bomb without first turning on the light. Materials: -1 Light Bulb -1 Gallon of gasoline -1 Tube of Epoxy glue -Liquid Soap 1. Place hole in the light bulb (See Below) * --- [ ] [ ] [ ] *[ ]* [ ] [ ] [ ] [-----] *-Mark where hole may be placed 2. Carefully pour some gasoline through the hole filling half the bulb 3. Carefully pour some liquid soap in to complete filling the bulb 4. Cover the hole with Epoxy glue 5. Make sure the switch is off and screw light bulb in socket, when the switch is turned on. The bulb will explode sending sharp fragments of glass all over... [ ] * Pipe Bomb (Easy Version) * Materials: -1 Threaded steel pipe with caps on the ends -1 Baby food or other small jar -Some small rocks -Some Baking Soda 1. Fill glass jar with Vinegar 2. Fit glass jar into steel pipe 3. Cap one end of pipe 4. Drop small rocks into pipe 5. Fill pipe with Baking Soda 6. Screw the other cap on tightly and then weld it shut. This is usually used as an impact explosive, toss it on a hard surface, the contact will break the jar, five to ten minutes later, it will explode [*Pipe Bomb*] Buy a section of metal water pipe 1/2 by 6 inches long, threaded on both ends. Buy two metal caps to fit. These are standard items in hardware stores. Drill a 1/16th hole in the center of the pipe. This is easy with a good drill bit. Hanson is a good brand to use. Screw a metal cap tightly on one end. Fill the (pipe to within 1/2 inch of the top with black powder. Do not pack the powder. Don't even tap the bottom of the pipe to make it settle. You want the powder loose. For maximum explosive effect, you need dry, fine powder sitting loose in a very rigid container. Wipe off any powder that has gotten onto the top or threads of the pipe. Gently screw on the second cap. Hand tighten only. Place a small piece of tape over the hole and go to your test site. Remove the tape and insert a two inch piece of black match fuse or a firecracker fuse into the hole. Place the bomb behind a large rock or tree. Using thread or string, lightly tie a 2 inch piece of sulfured wick to the end of the fuse. Avoid letting the wick touch any objects. This might cause it to go out. Light the wick and head for cover in a direction that keeps the rock or tree between you and the bomb at all times. Get behind cover at least 50 yards away. You may not expect such a large explosion from such a small object. The pipe will be blown to pieces which will fly through (the air like bullets. An accident could seriously wound or kill you. This is not a big firecracker. It is more like a hand grenade. The size of the bomb can be increased by using a larger pipe end caps. To make a big noise without blowing up your pipe, cap one end only. Drill a 1/16 hole at the top of the threads at the capped end. Put in about 3 to 4 rounded teaspoonsful of powder. Pack about 2 inches of wadding on top of the powder. Toilet paper or kleenex is good for this. Pack it tight. Open up a safety pin and stick it into the hole. Work it around to loosen up the powder so a fuse can be inserted. When this goes off, the recoil will be tremendous. You will loose your pipe unless you brace it securely against (something. The pipe can be reloaded and used again. A fun trick is to mount the pipe pointing upward. Drop a tin can over the open end and light the fuse. The can will be blown high into the air. Campbell's soup cans are great for this. [ ] * Nitro Explosive * Materials: -65% Nitric Acid -20% Glycerine -15% Sulfuric Acid 1. Mix these into solution form. This should explode by heat, impact or fuse. [ ] * Nitro Compound II * Petroleum jelly and Potassium Chlorate in a 1:1 ratio by weight make a totally safe when wet compound, but is highly explosive and shock sensitive when dry. [ ] * Formulas For Ammonium Nitrate Compounds * [1> Ammonium nitrate 60 [2> Ammonium nitrate 34 Potassium nitrate 29.5 Potassium nitrate 34 Sulfur flour 2.5 TNT 17 Charcoal powder 4 Ammonium chloride 15 Woodmeal 4 [4> Ammonium nitrate 70 [3> Ammonium nitrate 59 Ammonium sulfate 9 Woodmeal 10 Nitroglycerin 6 Nitroglycerin 10 Barium sulfate 7 Sodium chloride 20 Dextrin 8 Magnesium carbonate 1 [6> Ammonium nitrate 75 [5> Ammonium nitrate 88 Aluminum powder 25 Charcoal powder 12 [8> Ammonium nitrate 64 [7> Ammonium nitrate 94 TNT 15 Potassium nitrate 2 Sodium chloride 21 Charcoal powder 4 [10> Ammonium nitrate 35 [9> Ammonium nitrate 60 Potassium nitrate 33 Woodmeal 10 TNT 15 Nitroglycerin 10 Ammonium chloride 20 Sodium chloride 20 The formulas listed above are for high explosives. They are not for cherry bombs or Roman candles. The ingredients that make up these formulas have several functions: The first is the explosive agent itself, the second is the stabilizing agent, and third is a texturizer (paraffin). Below are listed the most important and common ingredients that are used to form an explosive compound, and a description of their purpose and function. [Ammonium Nitrate]: An extremely unstable, white explosive, usually in crystalline form. [Aluminum]: A silver metallic powder, when in pyro grade, it is a major ingredient in many ammonal explosive compounds. [Ammonium Oxalate]: A very valuable stabilizing agent, especially for nitro. [Barium Nitrate]: Nitrated barium, in white crystalline powdered form. [Charcoal Powder]: A fine black powder, which is extremely absorbent, and used extensively in pyrotechnics. [Guncotton]: Nitrated cellulose (sawdust) is fairly stable, but usually used with other ingredients rather than alone. It is about 13-14% nitrogen. [Naphthalene]: This is a sensitizing agent that is normally in a white crystalline form. [Paraffin]: This is a primary ingredient in plastique, and acts as a texturizer. [Potassium Nitrate]: An explosive compound in itself, which is stable. It is usually in a white crystalline form. [Potassium Perchloride]: A white powder used as an igniting agent in high explosives. It is an extremely common ingredient in low explosives. [Resin]: A gummy substance, which is flammable, and used in high explosives as an igniting agent. [Sodium Carbonate]: This white crystalline powder acts to neutralize acid, which may make the explosive more unstable than it normally is. [Sodium Chloride]: This is nothing more than ordinary table salt, and is used as a cooling agent in many high explosives. [Sodium Nitrate]: A stable explosive compound which has the advantage of being water-absorbent. [Sodium Sulfate]: A stabilizing powder, which is water-resistant. [Starch]: This can be either potato or corn starch, and acts as an absorbent in many explosive compounds. [Sulfur]: A yellow crystalline powder, which should be used in flour form only. [Vaseline]: A clear petroleum jelly used in a similar manner as paraffin, as a plasticizer, for many forms of exploding gelatins and plastic explosives. [ ] * Chlorox/Draino Bomb * Materials: -2 Jars with metal lids (Baby food) -1 Bottle chlorox bleach -1 Bottle of liquid draino -1 Roll of electrical tape Fill one of these jars with chlorox and the other with liquid draino. Screw the lids on both jars and seal them tightly with electrical tape. Tape both jars together and to ignite this bomb just throw upon a hard surface. The bottles will break and an explosion will occur. The larger the bottles (Jars) the larger the effect of the bomb. [ ] * Soda Bomb/Poison Gas (2X Chlorine Gas Bomb) * Materials: -1 Box granulated pool chlorine -1 Bag of sugar -1 Bucket of water -1 Two-liter soda bottle or other glass bottle -1 Small glass jar with metal lid Make a mixture of the following: 50% Chlorine, 50% Sugar Put it in the bottle. Then fill the glass jar with water and put it in the soda bottle. Throw this bomb at a hard surface, it'll create a explosion and very harmful fumes. [ ] * Incendiary Bomb * First get a 16-Ounce returnable bottle, a tube of caulking, and a considerable amount of gun powder. Pour the calking into an old pot and warm it over a nice hot stove until it is plasma-like and gooey. Now, take an old strip of cloth about 10" long X 3/4" wide. Dip it in the caulking so that it is completely covered with the stuff. Place the strip in the bottle so as a little bit sticks out the top. Pout in roughly 3/4 cup of gun powder into the bottom. Fill the rest of the bottle up with the caulking, let dry, light the cloth. When the gun powder explodes, it will spew out chards of glass and flaming strands of caulking (similar to napalm) [ ] * Coin Changer Fraud * Have you ever seen one of those really big changer machines in airports, laudromats or arcades that dispense change when you put in your 1 or 5 dollar bill? 1. Find the type of change machine that you slide in your bill length wise, not the type where you put the bill in a tray then slide the tray in!!! 2. After finding the right machine get a $1 or $5 bill. Start crumpling it up into a ball. Then smooth out the bill, now it should have a very wrinkly surface. 3. Now the hard part. You must tear a notch in the bill on the left side about 1/2 inch below the little 1 dollar symbol (see figure) 4. If you have done all of this right then take the bill and go out to the machine. Put the bill in the machine and wait. What should happen is: When you put your bill in, the machine thinks everything is fine. Where it gets to the part of the bill with the notch cut out, the machine will reject the bill and (if you have done it right) give you the change at the same time!!! So, you end up and get the bill back plus the change!! It might take a little practice, but once you get the hang of it, you can become rich!!! ----------------------------------- ! ! ! (1) (1) ! ! --------- ! ! ! ' ' ! ! ! ! --- ! ! ! (1) [] --------- (1) ! ! !! -Washington- ! ------[ ]---------------------- ^^-----Make notch here. About 1/2 Down from (1) or try 3.5 cm. [ ] * Tennis Ball Bomb * As we know, tennis is a popular sport around the world. In tennis you use these hollow green balls known as tennis balls. What people do not know is that these wonderful little balls can be used for other things. They can be used as a handy little explosive or noise maker. You will need the following. 1. A tennis ball (new if possible) 2. A knife 3. A box of matches (the type that will strike on anything 4. Epoxy Glue and Strong tape First you take a knife and cut a small round hole on the tennis ball. Next you will cut off the match heads of each match and drop them into the hole until the tennis ball is full of them. Make sure you do not drop the tennis ball, because it will not be too fun to stay in the hospital. Apply epoxy glue to the hole, then tape it up very well, so that it is air tight. Make a few of these and one day when some geek is walking down the street or when you want to get a big bang or attention, throw the ball. It is not to fun to be where the ball lands. To make the explosion more powerful, you can use gun powder mix. Have fun!!! [ ] * Pop Machine Fraud * Here is a way to rip off the coke machines you see out side of stores and other places! ok first on all vending machines there are always those rouund almost unpickable locks when no one is looking take a peice of air hardening clayy (make sure it is only air hardening!) and press it into the lock real good! then remove the clay carefully and put it somewhere to dry! make sure the clay is TOTALY dry then go back in a day or so and you will have a key to fit that lock put the key in and push and turn and presto the machine will open allowing you to take all the money! a good machine will get you between 2100 and 300 dollars depending when it was last checked by the company. and best of all if someone sees you just put the key on the ground and step on it and its powder! and then you cant be busted because the evidence is blown away! so that's it. [ ] * Car Destruction * Take an empty tyenol bottle and fill it with liquid draino. Make sure the lid is sealed good, so it doesn't leak out any liquid draino. Then slip the bottle into the persons gas tank. What happens is the draino eats through the bottle and hits the gas, a chemical reaction take place then Kaboom!!! [ ] * making M-80 and M-100s * FLASH POWDER Flash powder is a chemical mixture that burns so fast that it appears to burn instantly, producing a bright flash of light. Flash powder will produce an extremely loud explosion in amounts larger than 4 ounces even when it is not contained Very small amounts of flash powder will produce a very loud explosion when contained, even in a container made of a few layers of paper. Flash powder is usually made from a very fine powdered metal that will burn and an oxidizer. Powdered aluminum is used the most because it is cheaper. Powdered magnesium and zinc will also work. The oxidizer can be Barium Nitrate, Ammonium Perchlorate, Barium Peroxide, Strontium Nitrate, Potassium Chlorate, Potassium Perchlorate, Sodium Chlorate, Potassium Permanganate, others, and any combination of these. All the Chlorate are friction and impact sensitive, and also the Permanganate. Potassium Perchlorate is the least sensitive of the Chlorates. All the chemicals should be crushed into a very fine powder, about 400 Mesh or smaller. 400 Mesh is about like kitchen type flour. Black German Aluminum is a brand name for aluminum powder. It has a partical size of 600 Mesh for 98% of the aluminum material. The other 2% of the material is larger than 600 Mesh. There are other aluminum powders made by other companies that are equal to or better than Black German Aluminum. Aluminum Pyro Powder is also a brand name. The partical size is (98%-400) or 98% of the material is smaller than 400 Mesh. The other 2% is larger than 400 Mesh. FLASH POWDER FORMULAS 1. This formula is one of the best. It produces a very, very, extremely loud explosion. Easy to ignite with a fuse. It is not moisture absorbent. Not very sensitive to impact or friction. Sodium Chlorate or Potassium Chlorate can be used instead of Potassium Perchlorate but it then becomes very sensitive to friction and impact. 4 ounces of this mixture will produce an explosion equal to one stick of dynamite! Potassium Perchlorate 2 oz. Aluminum Powder 600 Mesh 1 oz. 2. This formula produces and extremely loud explosion, almost as good as formula #1. This is what most firecrackers, M-80's and other fireworks are made with. Potassium Perchlorate 2 oz. Aluminum Powder 400 Mesh 1 oz. 3. This formula is equal to formula #2 It is not sensitive to friction or impact Barium Peroxide 9 oz. 50%/50% Magnesium aluminum powder 200 Mesh 1 oz. 4. This formula works as good as formula #2 but it produces a very bright flash. This formula is what use to be used for the photo flash for the old box type cameras about 100 years ago Barium Nitrate 3 oz. Potassium Perchlorate 3 oz. Aluminum Powder 400 Mesh 4 oz. 5. This formula works very good. It is not very impact or friction Sensitive. It produces a very, very loud explosion. Potassium Perchlorate contains 46.1914% oxygen. Half as powerful as #2. Potassium Perchlorate 2 oz. Sulfur 1 oz. Aluminum Powder 400 Mesh 1 oz. 6. This formula works as good as #5 but it has a disadvantage of being moisture absorbent and it is very impact and friction sensitive. Sodium Chlorate contains 45.0937% oxygen. Produces a very, very loud explosion. Equal to #5. Sodium Chlorate 2 oz. Sulfur 1 oz. Aluminum Powder 400 Mesh 1 oz. 7. This formula is very dangerous because it is very sensitive to friction and impact and could explode during the construction of any explosive device. Potassium Chlorate contains 39.1664% oxygen. This formula produces and explosion almost equal to #5 or #6. Used in the manufacture of toy cap pistol caps. Potassium Chlorate 2 oz. Sulfur 1 oz. Aluminum Powder 1 oz. 8. This formula is very, very very sensitive to impact, friction and static electricity, even more sensitive than #7. Extremely dangerous! Will ignite even when wet. Potassium Chlorate 6.7 oz. Red Phosphorus 2.7 oz. Sulfur 0.3 oz. Calcium Carbonate 0.3 oz. 9. This formula has slightly less explosive power than #7. It is slightly friction and impact sensitive. Potassium Permanganate contains 40.4961% oxygen. This formula will ignite itself if it gets wet. Very loud explosion. Potassium Permanganate 2 oz. Sulfur 1 oz. Aluminum Powder 1 oz. 10. This formula produces a very small explosion when ignited in a paper tube. A much louder explosion is produced when it is ignited in a very strong container. It is impact and friction sensitive. Potassium Chlorate 7.5 oz. Charcoal dust 1.5 oz. Sulfur 1.0 oz. 11. No information is available about this formula. Potassium Chlorate 6 oz. Antimony Sulfide 3 oz. Sulfur 1 oz. 12. This formula is a little louder than formula #10. Impact and friction sensitive. Produces a small explosion in a paper container. Sodium Chlorate 7.5 oz. Charcoal dust 1.5 oz. Sulfur 1.0 oz. 13. No information is available about this formula. Potassium Chlorate 7.5 oz. Gallic acid 2.2 oz. Red gum 0.3 oz. !CAUTION! The mixture of any chlorate with phosphorus or sulfur is extremely sensitive to friction and percussion and explodes with great violence. Chlorate explosives must not be stored together with ammonium nitrate explosives, since ammonium chlorate which is formed when these two substances are brought in contact, explodes. When mixing chlorate explosives, crush all of the chemicals separately. Sift the oxidizer through a piece of screen wire to break up the material into small pieces. Then sift the other chemicals also if they need it. Mix all of the flash powder chemicals together and mix well by sifting them through a piece of screen wire or by shaking them in a ZIP LOCK bag. This mixture is very sensitive to friction, impact, heat, spark, static electricity 4 ounces of flash powder has the same explosive power as one stick of dynamite. One gross of M-80 firecrackers is equal to 3 sticks of dynamite. 8 ounces of flash powder will make 100 M-80 type firecrackers if each M-80 contains 1/2 teaspoon of flash powder. M-80's with 1/4 teaspoon of flash powder produces an explosion that sounds almost exactly the same as M-80's with 1/2 teaspoon of flash powder, but it has less destructive power. 24 ounces of flash powder will make 100 M-100 type firecrackers. (And these are awsome!) Quick Conversions: 3 teaspons = 1 tablespoon 4 tablespoons = 1/4 cup 1/4 cup = 2 oz. M-80 & M-100 CONSTRUCTION ------------------------- 1. PLUG ONE END OF THE PAPER TUBE. Run a small amount of Elmer's glue around the side of an end plug or the inside edge of the paper tube. Insert the end plug, convex side first, into the paper tube. Push it in until the back edge of the plug is flush with the edge of the paper tube. 2. FUSE THE PAPER TUBE. Using a 1/8 inch drill bit, an ice pick or a sharp nail, punch a hole through one side of the paper tube in the middle. NEVER puncture a case that contains flash powder. The paper tube should always be fused before the flash powder is added. Cut the fuse to 1 1/2 inches in length and insert it into the hole at least halfway across the inside diameter of the paper tube. Run a small amount of Elmer's glue around the fuse and let it dry. 3. MIXING THE FLASH POWDER Extreme caution should be used when mixing flash powder. Flash powder is extremely dangerous and explodes with great force. Avoid all sources of friction, impact, flame, sparks and static electricity. 4. FILL THE PAPER TUBES Stand the paper tubes on end, open end up. Using a small funnel and a measuring spoon 1/2 teaspoon, fill the paper tubes 1/2 to 2/3 full. Do not fill the tubes completely full or pack in the flash powder. By leaving an air space there is room for the flash powder to expand when ignited which will produce a much louder explosion. 5. INSERT THE FINAL END PLUG Plug the open end in the same way that you plugged the first end. MATERIALS NEEDED FOR ONE M-80 1. One paper tube, 1/2 inch inside diameter, 1/16 inch wall thickness, 1 1/2 inches long. 2. Two paper end plugs 1/2 inch outside diameter, 1/16 inch paper thickness. 3. One 3/32 diameter water proof fuse about 1 1/2 inches long. 4. 1/2 teaspoon of flash powder. 5. 10 drops of Elmer's glue. __ ___________ __ end | o | end plug __| ___________ |__ plug fuse ^ hole | ______|_____ |M80 or M100 | |____________| MATERIALS NEED FOR ONE M-100 ---------------------------- 1. One paper tube, 5/8 inch inside diameter, 1 3/4 inch long 2. Two paper end plugs 5/8 inch outside diameter. 3. One water proof fuse about 1 1/2 inches long. 4. 1 1/2 teaspoons of flash powder. 5. 10 drops of Elmer's glue CHEMICALS --------- Most of the chemicals you need are sold at K-mart, hardware stores, drug stores, lumber yards, plumbing supply, Wall-mart, cement company and many other stores. Sodium Chlorate. O2 solid oxygen pellets are used in small work shop torches. Potassium Nitrate. Sold by most drug stores in 4 ounce bottles. Also sold by farmers co-op supply stores. Sulfur. Sold by farmers co-op, drug stores and lawn and garden centers. Aluminum Powder. Sold by paint stores and auto parts stores. Aluminum powder can be found in radiator stop leak. Sodium Nitrate. Sold by drug stores and meat packing plants. Antimony Sulfide. Is sold by most plumbing supply stores. Potassium Permanganate. It is used for water treatment. Check your phone book for water treatment equipment and supplies. Ammonium Nitrate. Can be bought from any farmers co-op or lawn and garden center. Red Phosphorus. The white tip on wooden kitchen matches contains red phosphorus Check your phone book yellow pages for industrial chemical supplies, they will usually have most of these chemicals. When you call, tell them you are with a beginning rock band and want it for some special effects on stage. They will fall for that every time... Now you probably wonder where you can get the paper tubes and end caps. Ok just write: FULL AUTO CO. INC. P.O. Box 1881 Murfreesboro, TN. 37133 And ask for a catalog. M-80 size tubes are 100-$5. End plugs are 200-$3.5 M-100 size tubes are 100-$9. End plugs are 200-$5. You must have an order form to order this. They also sell all the chemicals you need to make flash powder. You must be over 21 or at least sign the order that says that you are 21. There is no way that they can find out. I DO NOT suggest that you buy their water proof fuse because it sucks! Go to a gun shop in your area and ask for cannon fuse. It's probably around 35 to 40 cents a foot and is water proof and MUCH better quality. You do have to be 16 or 18 to buy it. [ ] *TWENTY WAYS TO DISRUPT SCHOOL ASSEMBLIES* Basically anti-social, anti-establishment? Hate school? Who doesn't! Here's 20 things to screw up those JOCK-O-RAMA pep rallies and various other senseless assemblies in your fascist school...just TRY to have fun.. 1. When the cheerleaders start bouncing (literally) around trying to get all the wretched students to do their demonic, assinine chants (Beat 'em up beat 'em up, rah rah rah! Snap those spinal cords, ha ha ha!" , you should get everyone to chant something like "The New Discipline Management Plan SUCKS - The New Discipline Management Plan SUCKS!" etc. 2. When the cheerleaders yell, "Are you ready!??"--You yell reeeal loud, "NO!" 3. After their cheers yell stuff like, "Violence Rulez! Guns R cool! And we've got guns, in our school!" 4. Yell cheerleader, twirlers, football players names when they are introduced or just simply to embarrass them... 5. Stand up and ask in a loud voice for one of the cheerleaders to marry you. 6. Say in a loud voice, "I gotta go to the bathroom!" then walk down in the middle of the pep rally and leave. If they try to stop you, just start hoping up and down like you can't hold it...They'll let ya go...when they say, "ok, you can go!", run as fast as you can to a remote bathroom(i.e.-home) where they can't follow you... 7. When a twirler drops her baton or a cheerleader messes up, laugh as loud as you can...i mean REALLY LAUGH HARD! 8. If like the principle comes up behind you and sits, turn around and say, "Ok, Mr. So-n-So, on the count of three yell, Down with Mr. So-n-So (his name in both places) 9. Get those air horns and rig it up to where when someone sits down, it'll go off....everone will look around dumbfounded to see who's doing it... They'll never know... 10. Water Balloons is a definate possibly, but i don't suggest it...yesterday at ours, i was playing with this purple balloon like a beachball...ya know, bouncing it between people and 'accidently' letting it get away from you where hopefully someone will pop it...or you could just pop a few yourself 11. If you're terribly brave or stupid you can stand up and yell, "East Lubbock/Wherever Rulez!" or "Beaners suck!" 12. The airhead cheerleaders ask you to yell, right? Yell at all times... even when it's supposed to be semi-quiet... 13. Make a fire. 14. Spray the cheerleaders pom-poms with that dog training stuff or fart spray 15. If you're in the band, play the music that you think is more suiting for a pep rally... 16. Scream anti-scholastic things during the school song 17. DO a complete reversal and dance to the fight song...(this one is good if you are sitting near the front or the middle)...just stand up and dance and sing the words if ya know 'em! 18. (this one is unlikely for some reason...) Write your name or the opposing teams name on the gym/football field with like kerosine and light'er up! 19. Get snap -n- pops and sit at the top and throw 'em at everone.(heh) 20. Lock 'em up! That's right! Get chains and lock all doors to the gym... ..then ya got 2000 angry students with only 15 teachers..I dunno who would want out worse, the students or the teachers...heh. (I tried alot of these for the first pep rally of the season at my stupid private school...I didn't get to try the things that required planning (burning the school down, lock ups, air horn, ect) but I did do all of the yells and dancing and proposing marriage, chanting, singing, ect.) Thanks to myself for writing this file, and the corrupt administrators for giving me something to write about... [ ] * How to have fun at school * Your first day of school you should bring the following items, to insure a prosperous school year: 1) Fountain pen (and extra ink refills) 2) 3 tubes of Super Glue (Krazy Glue) 3) Pennies (about $1.00 worth) 4) Baloons (small sized for convieniance) 5) Mirror (small hand held) 6) Liquid soap 7) Lighter, (matches as alternate) 8) Firecrackers (ladyfingers are great) 9) Screwdrivers and other tools (small) 10) Small squeezable bottles (like nasal de-congestant type) 11) Wire (10-20 ft) 12) Tape recorder mic. (batter operated pref.) 13) Ziplock baggies 14) Half of an orange 15) Ligth bulb (75 watts and over are great) This will do for now... Some of the cool things to do are, take the pennies and glue them to the cafeteria tables, (and watch the custodians try to get 'em off). (this also looks good with silver dollars glued to the fire alarm (so it goes off when the custodian attempts to remove the coin) and to a door someplace.... (principals preferably)) Another thing to do with a coin is, heat it up over a bunson burner (in chem) and just as the bell rings, toss the coin into the hall, I will guarantee you will know when the coin is picked up... While your using the bunson burner, fill your little squeeze bottle with gas, then cap it tight and put it in your pocket... later, take a firecracker, and glue it to the bottle, use a cigarette as a fuse extension, then put it in the bathroom, and get to class fast... (gas and glue make a nice flame)... While your in the bathroom, place a light bulb over the door, and when the superintendant goes to see what the explosion was, he gets a nice little surprise... Now for the wire, if you can access a room near your locker, when no one is in the room, take off the speaker cover on the pa system, and hook 2 wires from it, to your mic. ( then into your locker) This is good for getting your friends out of classes... Just ask for them... (use your tools for that one, and try to be neat about it)... Now for your mirror, you can use this for getting your, uh... "Friends" locker combanation.... after you get that, take that little baggie you got, and put the orange in it... let it sit for a week or four, then open the baggie, and place it in your friends locker... I can guarentee he/she will love it... Another thing that is fun to do, is, Take a penny, and glue it over the key hole on your friends gym locker, just after he goes out, thus he has to truck around all day in his gym stuff, (unless you rent him your screwdriver to pry the penny off) Ballons are fun to play with in chem lab, fill them with the gas that you get out of the taps on the lab desks, then tie up the baloon tight, and drop it out the window to the burnouts below, you know, the ones that are always smoking, they love to pop baloons with lit cigaretts.... get the picture? Good... Those fountain pens are cool, because if you make a slight jerking motion with your hand, ink squirts all over the room, (or person, what ever your aiming at) It is a good idea not to let the teachers know you have one of those, it makes it too easy to find out who did it when theres ink all over the principals face... (or on the floors, walls, and ceilings...) Liquid soap is great for use in crowded hallways, it turns everybody into a ice skating star, (works especially well when people come in from the rain)... If your school is anything like the one I goto, people never flush the toiletts, A little liquid soap in here makes for a nice surprise, I mean, what happens when the soap is not flushed out of the toilett, and the suds are'nt flushed out either? The janitors have a really good time trying to figure out that one... (glue a quarter in one of the urinals, always ane)... Turn off the water under the sinks too... Getting back to the soap, it is also good on the hand railings in hallways and on steps, If you mix perfume with it, some poor grub has to have that stench on him all day.... I shall start off with some of the cool aspects of a school cafeteria. As most of you know, this is not a very nice place, or atleast it's not very nice in my school., you have to get out there and catch the food before it gets away... but in any case... 1) School Cafeterias: In this ever growing world of terrorism, and practical jokes, you should learn the basic methods and uses of ketchup. This red stuff that they use to cover the mold on the french-fries, makes a nice stain on peoples clothing. So... take a few packets of ketchup, and during phys. Ed. you take the pack and put little holes in it, then put it in someones back pocket, (preferably white pants), do this while they are out in the gym, and you are alone in the locker room... It's a gas when they get up after pulling their pants on and there 'Bleeding...'... 2) Marbles are very cool... especially glass ones and steel ones, what you do is, get into your 'Friends' locker and (if he/she has a shelf) take a book and brace it up at an angle, and leave them alot of marbles to play with... so when they open their locker, they should have no problem watching them spill all over the floor... then they get little questions like 'Hey man, did you loose all your marbles?' and 'Is this a throw back to your child hood?'. This is even better when they have to go out in the middle of a class period and when all the marbles fall out he has teachers all over him asking 'What do you think your doing?' and the ever popular 'Wheres your pass?'... 3) You can improve on the marbles scheme by using water/perfume filled baloons or plastic baggies. 'Cause, howd you like to go around smelling like a flower all day long (if your a boy), if your a girl, then your a wet flower... your 'Friend' walks down the hallway 'Squish. Squish Squish' from all the water in their sneakers... 4) Do any of your parents have old contact lens fluid bottles? (small) If so then your in luck... if you fill these with water and walk down a crowded hall you can have alot of fun... Spray your victem so it looks like he/she took a leak in thier pants... in a crowded hall-way, the'll never notice till someone says.. 'Hey, Professor Leaky... Turn off the faucets...'... If you want to be even meaner, then you can take the bottle and fill it with the juices from a rotten egg.. now its' one thing to piss in your pants, but if you go around smelling like rotten eggs all day, whew... I can almost guarntee a suspension or a free trip home... (very embarrasing)... 5) During your free period, goto a pay phone and call the front office, and have your victim paged to the front office... tell the front office that you are the boy/girls father and your coming to pick them up for an emergency doctors appointment... and to go and get his/her books... then they sit in the front office for 1/2 an hour, (and miss class).. then they say ' Hey, did you and some of your friends pull this stunt so you wouldnt have to goto class?!?!.. Goto the principals office NOW!' Good 'eh? 6) Heres some fun to have at the library... goto the magazine rack and replace the Sports Ill. and the other widely read magazines with Playboy and some of the others... (rip off the Sports. Ill. cover and put Playboy inside) You should see the expressions on the girls faces when they open that sucker up... (or on the teachers faces)... 7) Hide a cheap radio ($3.00 things that you get from radio shack (am)) and set it to blast when the locker is opend. (set it on some queer station) To set the wiring up.. Open up the radio and disconnect one of the wires going to the switch, turn the switch on. Now take the wire you just disconnected and run it to another switch, and a wire from the other end of that switch to the old switch... now tape the switch into the locker in a way that whenever the locker is opend, the switch will go on, and whenever the door closes, the switch will go off... this is embarrasing, especially when you cant find the radio to turn it off... Have you ever noticed that the water fountains in schools have two holes in them (for the water to come out of)... I have no idea why they are there... (maybe some one put them there for us to put to some GOOD use), take some chewing gum and plug up the bottom hole, this is great because that forces the water out of the top hole at HIGH PRESSURE thus getting alot of people wet (espoecially the person getting the drink)... to give you an estimate of how much power there is, in our school, the auto shop ceiling is about 20 ft up, and when the gum is in place the water hits the ceiling (if it wasnt there it would continue another 5 to 10 feet...) You people have all seen those little toy pellet guns that shoot the little yellow plastic BB's... well, these are good in the hallways between classes (or out the windows at the people that are cutting classes) just be carefull not to hit people in the eyes... (un-less it is intentional) I dont know if this is standard in all schools (I suppose this will pertain to some of you), you may have these long 'Airconditioner/Heaters' (they never work) BUT... in our school these heaps of junk have a small opening for a 5/32 Allen key, these are usefull for turning off the cold air in the winter and turning it on in the warmer months...) Itching powder is fun... (especialy if theres someone in front of you in a class or two that you dont like..) just dump a little of this down there back. WHAT? You dont have any... well, as I said before, I work in a hardware store and I can tell you for a FACT that the fiberglass in isulation itches ALL DAY! all you have to do is get some insulation and shake it out onto a peice of newspaper (tear it up a little if you have to) and soon you will have a small pile of shards of fiberglass.. put it into a small baggie or film container, and keep it in class with you... NOTE: Use gloves when you do this... this WILL drive you insane by the end of the day if you get any into your hands... Do you have any dead animals laying around? A dead rat or some animal you have scraped up off the road? If not you should have one... you take them into the bathrooms at school and lift off the top (exposing the flush mechanism) and you insert the animal into there... if it's warm, and moist then this animal will start to rot, and smell extreamly bad... you may get lucky (if they cant find it) you MAY even get a day off from school while they look for it... Hey, if your school has a computer classroom that has a small multi-plexer (so the teacher can see what you are doing)... well.. have some fun.. change the cables around so the teacher does not know who she is looking at (or you can make your terminal the master terminal. *Bathroom Bombs* Materials: A birthday or other small candle 1 M-80 Silly Putty Scrape off the bottom of the candle so that a half inch wick is on the bottom. Tie the end of the wick to the fuse of the M-80. Place a small ammount of silly putty on one side of the candle, and a small ammount on one side of the M-80. Use as little as possible, just enough to make it stick! Now the hard part, you need to lean over and stick the candle and the M-80 to the underside of the toilet. Be careful and make sure no one is going to dunk you. Light the candle and get out of the bathroom as calmly as possible. You have anywhere from thirty seconds to one minute so you have time to wash your hands and act normal. Make sure that you are nowhere NEAR the bathroom because the teachers will interogate anyone in the vicinity of the area. Now you can have a BLAST at school! (Litterally) *The Cigarette Flash* Materials: Filterless Cigarette Lighter Small Viel of Thinner Matchbook This on is FUN! Splash the thinner all over the toilet paper in the stall. Open the matchbook and place the cigarette in the match book so that the matchbook holds the cigarette in place firmly. Place the combination matchbook/cigarette under the toilet paper any way you can fit it in there. Now the fun part. Light the cigarette and get out of the stall calmly. With this you have between two and five minutes (2-5) so you have plenty of time to act normal and leave the bathroom at a steady pace!! /\ /CC\ / \\ <---- Place the cigarette between the top and the matches / \\ ___________ | TTTTTTT | | TTTTTTT | <---- Put the matchbook/cigarette under the thinner soaked | Match | toilet paper. ----------- Now have FUN! And be smart....don't spill the thinner all over yourself unless you want to burn in hell (Pun)!! Hello! And welcome to...ummm...issue #6 of Firecracker FUN! In this issue we will discuss the FLAMER which is the final issue of mild firecracker fun. The next 5-8 issues will be called: "Flaming GLORY!" and will hols some more potent things OTHER THAN firecrackers and oil! Sooo....I hope that you enjoyed this series and I REALLY hope that you look forward to all my future series and issues! Materials: 1/4 gallon gasoline 1/4 gallon oil 6 inch candle LOTS of toilet paper!!! This one is scary....and FUN! At home mix the 1/4 gallon of gasoline with the 1/4 gallon of oil. Place the mixture in a gallon bag that is easy to conceal. At school put the toilet paper in the toilet until it reaches the level of the water. Take the candle and place it firmly into the toilet paper so that it will stay upright for about 5 minutes. After all that slowly pour the mixture gas/oil into the toilet. Light the candle and you will have 10-15 minutes to get out. This one is pretty scary if you are in the bathroom at the time! There is NO noise but if you are anywhere NEAR the stall you will see a LARGE flame leap up into the air!! KEWL! [ ] * Fun with Fireworks * There are MANY ways to have fun with firecrackers....but the best are when you can actually use them. My favorite ways are the Tube, the rocket, and the big bang. The tube us a relatively normal arrangement...just that all the bottle rockets should go off at the same time. But what you do is take three or four bottle rockets (the kind with the plastic caps) and fill the caps with some type of contact explosive. Then tape them all together with duct or electric tape. Then tie all the fuses together and place into a metal tube. Light fuse and have fun....try not to blow off your hand or other body part! By the way....you do not really need to fill the cap with an explosive....but it add's to the BANG!! ---------000000> <---- Fill cap with contact explosive ---------00XX00> ---------00XX00> <---- Tape all together! ---------00XX00> ---------00XX00> ---------00XX00> <---- Tie all fuses together ---------00XX00> Place them in a pipe and have fun *The Rocket* Materials: A 2 or 3 Stage Rocket Superglue Tape Shredded Paper M-80 firecracker All other equipment for launching Any 2 or 3 stage rocket will work fine. You must be willing to to loose a rocket so I suggest not painting, because it would be just a waste of time and money. You can get a good 3 stage rocket for under $30 and the M-80's you can buy at almost any firecracker store for between $.80 - $1.00!! First put the rocket together. Then place the boosters in the bottom stage(s). In the uppermost stage glue the M-80 into place with the fuse pointing downward. Place the end of the fuse onto the upper part of the adjoining booster and tape it into place with a small piece of tape. Fill the paracute area sparcely with shredded paper. Wait until the glue holding the M-80 dries and then finish putting the rocket together. Now you are ready to go! But be smart...don't launch the rocket in someone's face or into a building unless you are willing to take responsibility for it! And try not to kill yourself in the process! What is supposed to happen is as you launch the rocket the first stage's booster burns with an extremely high intensty and heat. As the booster nears the to it ignites a flameable substance that pushes upward igniting the booster above it and ejecting it from the rest of the rocket. When the substance shoots upward into the M-80 it will ignite the fuse or it will detonate the M-80 immediatly (I am not sure which). Then as the M-80 detonates it will blow the cap of the rocket off ejecting anything in the paracute chamber. BBBBOOOOOOO> <---- Place booster in the bottom stage(s) BBBBM-80OOO> <---- Glue M-80 in stage above booster and tape fuse BBBBM-80PPP> <---- Put shredded paper in paracute chamber *Big BANG* Materials: 10-15 M-80's Long fuse...2 feet Duct or Electric Tape LUCK!!! Ok. Now. Put all the M-80's into a circle packed as tightly together as possible. Next put two or even three layers of tape arround the group of M-80's. Connect all the fuses together pointing inward and tie (If you tape it use as little tape as possible) it to the long piece of fuse. Then place upright or if you want to have fun, bury it a foot underground (if you do this you must have a straw or a pipe leading the fuse into the ground) and light the fuse. Now what you have here is like two or three sticks of dynamite, so get as far away as possible and hit the ground!! The explosion will be a HELL of a lot louder than a small stick of dynamite so cover your ears, don't be a hero and go deaf! [ ] *How To Make Low Explosives* There are many formulas for low explosives, which, although they do not have the power or impact of the high explosives, are generally safer to use and handle. It may seem at first that an explosive compound that has less power is a disadvantage, but this is not true. If a high-explosive charge were used to set off a bullet in a gun, the gun would probably explode in the user's face. Therefore, low explosives have a definite purpose and use, and are not interchangeable with high explosives. Although I stated above that, generally speaking, low explosives are more stable than high explosives, there are some low-explosive compounds that are as dangerous as high-explosive compounds, if not more so. Below is a chart of the most common low-explosive compounds and their stabilities and merit. [Potassium and sodium nitrate gunpowders]: These are without a doubt one of the safest low explosives to handle. They are especially good when packed into a tight container, and exploded under pressure. [Smokeless powder]: This type of low explosive is much like the one mentioned above, in the sense that it is extremely stable, but it is much more powerful. It also needs the element of pressure in the actual demolition work. [Potassium chlorates with sulfates]: Any mixture of potassium or sodium chlorates should be avoided at all costs, since most combinations will explode immediately, on formation, and those that don't are extremely unstable and likely to explode at any time. [Ammonium nitrate with chlorates]: This is similar to the compounds discussed above. These are extremely hazardous compounds, with very unstable ingredients. [Potassium chlorate and red phosphorus]: This combination is probably the most unstable and highly sensitive of all the low explosives. It will explode immediately and violently upon formation, even in the open when not under pressure. [Aluminum or megnesium with potassium chlorate or sodium peroxide]: Any of these combinations, although not quite as unstable as the one discussed above, is still too sensitive to experiment or play around with. [Barium chlorate with shellac gums]: Any mixture employing either barium or barium nitrate and carbon, or barium chlorate and any other substance, must be given great care. Barium nitrate and strontium nitrate mixed together form a very sensitive explosive, but the danger is greatly increased with the addition of charcoal, or carbon. [Barium and strontium nitrate with aluminum and potassium perchlorate]: This combination is relatively safe, as is the combination of barium nitrate and sulfur, potassium nitrate, and most other powdered metals. [Guanidine nitrate and a combustible]: This combination of guanidine nitrate and a combustible (i.e. powdered antimony) is one of the safest of all low explosives. [Potassium bichromate and potassium permanganate]: This is a very sensitive and unstable compound, and should be avoided, as it is really too hazardous to work with or handle. The low-explosive reaction is based on the principle of a combustible material combined with an oxidizing agent, in other words combining a material that burns easily with another material which in the chemical reaction will supply the necessary oxygen for the combustible's consumption. Listed below are the most common low-explosive combinations of oxidizing agents and combustibles. The first ingredient listed is the oxidizer, and the second is the combustible: [1> Nitric acid and resin. [2> Barium nitrate and magnesium. [3> Ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminum. [4> Barium peroxide and zinc dust. [5> Ammonium perchlorate and asphaltum. [6> Sodium chlorate and shellac gum. [7> Potassium nitrate and charcoal. [8> Sodium peroxide and flowers of sulfur. [9> Magnesium perchlorate and woodmeal. [10> Potassium perchlorate and cane sugar. [11> Sodium nitrate and sulfur flour. [12> Potassium bichromate and antimony sulfide. [13> Guanidine nitrate and powdered antimony. [14> Potassium chlorate and red phosphorus. [15> Potassium permanganate and powdered sugar. [16> Barium chlorate and parrafin wax. The combinations that are most unstable and sensitive are numbers 3, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, and 16. These should be avoided. [ ] * How to Make Nitroglycerine As most people know, nitroglycerin is an extremely powerful explosive, used largely today by industry, and made in huge cement mixers that hold hundreds of gallons. It is not safe to make, and you shouldn't even think of making any unless you plan to use it (and don't make more than you need). I hope anyone who does make some has had atleast some chemistry and a little bit of brains. MATERIALS: 1) 70% concentrated nitric acid 2) 98% concentrated sulfuric acid 3) Glycerin 4) Baking soda 5) A *GOOD* thermometer and glassware (beakers, glass rod-stirring device, test tubes, eyedropper, whatever--must be all glass materials though. Acid eats everything else. Also, whatever you use to hold your solutions should have as thin a glass wall as possible--to diffuse heat faster.) 6) Very large ice-bath 7) Gloves, Goggles, etc. 8) Blue litmus paper 9) Kitchen sink OBTAINING MATERIALS: Nitric acid can be bought for about $19+ per gallon (it's cheaper to buy in this quantity). You need to be 21, but some chemical places don't care. Sulfuric acid can be bought the same way, at $14+ per gallon. Glycerine can be bought at any drug store. You won't need half as much glycerine as acid. The actual quantity and ratio varies--and is really unimportant in this recipe. The thermometer and glassware, etc., can be bought by anyone, but it's cheaper to 'borrow' from chem lab. If you have to buy, there should be a place near any college campus that sells the stuff. THE REACTION: H ! H-C-O-NO2 ! H-C-O-NO2 ===========> N2 + CO2 + O2 + H2O ! H-C-O-NO2 ! H PROCEDURE: 1) Mix by volume 3 parts sulfuric acid with 1 part nitric. Add the sulfuric to the nitric *NOT* vice versa (you never add water to acid because it splatters, and the nitric is 30% water). Your beaker/test tube should be contained in the ice bath because this solution is gets *HOT*--but isn't dangerous, yet. Stir a little bit, but don't put your face right over it (vapors). Wait til it cools to 0-5 degrees centigrade. You'll need to rig some kind of contraption, if you don't have the proper lab equipment, in order to keep the thermometer from touching the edge of the beaker/test tube--an accurate reading is *VERY* important. 2) Once the acids are cool enough you can start adding glycerin. While stirring constantly, use the eyedropper and add about 5 drops. If the heat doesn't rise, add 8 drops, and see what happens. Keep adding larger amounts until the temperature rises. Once it does, wait (don't stop stirring til at least 30 seconds after adding glycerine) for the temperature to drop back down to 0-5 degreees centigrade. DON'T EVER LET THE TEMPERATURE GET ABOVE 30 DEGREES CENTIGRADE--If you do, you lose. It might not blow up, but it will decompose, and you'll get nothing but garbage (the person who designed this recipe has had it go as high as 40 and not explode). To be safe, keep it below 20 degrees centigrade, and if it gets above that, dump the whole thing in the ice bath (there better be plenty of ice too, cause sulfur and water react, and you need plenty of ioce to keep that reaction cool). The nitroglycerin reaction is done when the glycerine you add no longer affects the temperature. 3) The nitroglycerin is slowly decomposing at this point, so you want to work fast here. The sulfuric has only been a catalyst for the reaction and needs to be washed out. Fill a container 10x the volume of your solution with ice water (again, ice is important cause sulfur and water react giving off enough heat to set off the nitro) and add your solution to it. Stir thoroughly (nitro and water don't mix). Let the nitro seperate (it will settle to the bottom) and pour off the water (acids and all) down the drain. Put your saolution under the tap and add more water. Stir again and let settle (settling can be helped by adding a little of ordinary dishsoap--like half a drop). Pour off again. Repeat the process 3 or 4 times. Make sure *ALL* the water is poured off (to get the last little bit, try dragging paper it stays blue, everything is fine. If it turns red, wash your solution a few more times. 4) After the solution is 'clean', wash with a baking soda solution (1 tsp./ quart of water). Follow the same steps outlined above, but only wash once. Pour your final solution into a glass bottle. Put in the fridge. CAUTIONS: First of all, store nitroglycerin in a cool place--like the fridge (or try the freezer. I don't know what the freezing point is). Label it so nobody accidently dumps it or drinks it. If you still live at home, then bury it in the fridge and disguise it so your parents wouldn't want to touch it or examine it. You don't really need to keep it that cold. You could fairly safely store it in your closet. Although if you live in an area with extreme heat (like Palm Springs) it might not be a good idea. Don't breath the vapors or swallow any--you'll get a short but incredible headache. If you touch some you'll get the headache of your life that will last up to 12 hours. DETONATION: What you wil probably want to try as soon as you make nitroglycerin is a simple little experiment to prove to yourself it works. Put *ONE* drop on a paper towell and strike with a hammer. Nitro, in this form, is not all that easy to blow up. Throwing a bottle of the stuff at a wall or dropping it off a five story building will do nothing more than break the bottle. The best way to detonate nitroglycerin is with a wax coated firecracker taped on the inside of your container. VARIATIONS: Putty- Mix your final solution with sawdust or diatomacious earth (which you can get at pool stores) to the consistency of silly putty. All this does is make your nitro easier to work with. Flash Paper- This is a little more difficult to make, a little safer, and maybe more fun. Instead of adding glycerin to your acids in step 2, use gun cotton (*REAL* cotton). You don't have to watch the temperature either. Just toss a bunch of cotton in and let it soak up your solution (don't be stupid though--add them slowly the first time). You don't need to be in as much of a rush either because it doesn't decompose as fast. You're nitrating the cotton, so let it sit a couple hours in the mix. Then pour off all the acid and wash in water (the same way you wash regular nitro), then after it's fairly clean you can pull out the cotton and wash by hand--*VERY WELL*. Let the cotton dry out, then put a piece in a jar with a very small amount of acitone (which you can purchase at any hardware store and is perfectly safe). The cotton will dissolve like cotton candy in water. Any cotton left in the jar should be taken out. Now let the acitone evaporate. There will be a small plastic-like film at the bottom of the jar. You can light this stuff like flash paper. Jelly- If you are brave you can dissolve the 'flash paper' in nitro and get a jelly like substance that is quite powerful and easier to work with. Use very little nitro and a lot of 'flash paper' (you'll have to experiment to find what works best for the consistency you want. [ ] * How to make Nitroglycerine #2 * 1. Fill a 75-milliliter beaker, to the 13-ml level, with fuming red Nitric Acid, of 98 percent concentration 2. Place beaker in an ice bath and allow to cool below room temperature 3. After it has cooled, add to it three times the amount of fuming Nitric Acid 39 milliliters of fuming Sulfuric Acid. When mixing any acids, always do it slowly and carefully to avoid splattering. 4. When the two are mixed, lower their temperature by adding more ice to the ice bath, to about 10 or 15 degrees centigrade. This can be measured by using a mercury-operated centigrade thermometer. 5. When the acid solution has cooled to the desired temperature, it is ready for the Glycerine. The Glycerine must be added in small amounts using a medicine dropper. Glycerine is added, slowly and carefully, until the entire surface is covered with it. 6. This is a dangerous point, since the nitration will take place soon as the Glycerine is added. The nitration will produce heat, so the solution must be kept below 30 degrees Celsius. If the beaker should go above 30 degrees, the beaker should be taken out of the ice bath and the solution should be carefully poured directly into the ice bath, since this will prevent an explosion 7. For about the first ten minutes of nitration, the mixture should be gently stirred. In a normal reaction, the Nitroglycerine will form a layer on top of the acid solution, while the Sulfuric Acid absorbs the excess water. 8. After the nitration has taken place and the Nitroglycerine has formed at the top of the solution, the entire beaker should be transferred very slowly and carefully to another beaker of water. When this is done the Nitroglycerine will settle to the bottom, so that most of the acid solution can be drained away. 9. After moving as much acid as possible without disturbing the Nitroglycerine, remove the Nitroglycerine with an eyedroper and place it in a bicarbonate of soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) solution. The Sodium Bicarbonate is an alkali and will nutralize much of the acid remaining. This process should be repeated as many times as necessary using blue litmus paper to check for the presence of acid. The remaining acid only makes the Nitroglycerine more unstable then it normally is. 10. The final step is to remove the Nitroglycerine from the bicarbonate this is done with an eyedropper, slowly and carefully. The usual test to see if nitration has been successful is to place one drop of the Nitroglycerine on a metal plate and ignite it. If it is true Nitroglycerine it will burn with a clear blue flame. Caution: Nitroglycerine is extremely sensitive to decomposition, heating, dropping, or jarring, and may explode even left undisturbed and cool. Know what you are doing before you make this stuff. [*Nitroglycerine #3*] Nitroglycerine is one of the most sensitive explosives, if it is not the most sensitive. Although it is possible to make it safely, it is difficult. Many a young anarchist has been killed or seriously injured while trying to make the stuff. When Nobel's factories make it, many people were killed by the all-to-frequent factory explosions. Usually, as soon as it is made, it is converted into a safer substance, such as dynamite. An idiot who attempts to make nitroglycerine would use the following procedure: MATERIAL EQUIPMENT distilled water eye-dropper table salt 100 ml beaker sodium bicarbonate 200-300 ml beakers (2) concentrated nitric ice bath container acid (13 ml) ( a plastic bucket serves well ) concentrated sulfuric centigrade thermometer acid (39 ml) blue litmus paper glycerine 1) Place 150 ml of distilled water into one of the 200-300 ml beakers. 2) In the other 200-300 ml beaker, place 150 ml of distilled water and about a spoonful of sodium bicarbonate, and stir them until the sodium bicarbonate dissolves. Do not put so much sodium bicarbonate in the water so that some remains undissolved. 3) Create an ice bath by half filling the ice bath container with ice, and adding table salt. This will cause the ice to melt, lowering the overall temperature. 4) Place the 100 ml beaker into the ice bath, and pour the 13 ml of concentrated nitric acid into the 100 ml beaker. Be sure that the beaker will not spill into the ice bath, and that the ice bath will not overflow into the beaker when more materials are added to it. Be sure to have a large enough ice bath container to add more ice. Bring the temperature of the acid down to about 20 degrees centigrade or less. 5) When the nitric acid is as cold as stated above, slowly and carefully add the 39 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to the nitric acid. Mix the two acids together, and cool the mixed acids to 10 degrees centigrade. It is a good idea to start another ice bath to do this. 6) With the eyedropper, slowly put the glycerine into the mixed acids, one drop at a time. Hold the thermometer along the top of the mixture where the mixed acids and glycerine meet. DO NOT ALLOW THE TEMPERATURE TO GET ABOVE 30 DEGREES CENTIGRADE; IF THE TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE THIS TEMPERATURE, RUN LIKE HELL!!! The glycerine will start to nitrate immediately, and the temperature will immediately begin to rise. Add glycerine until there is a thin layer of glycerine on top of the mixed acids. It is always safest to make any explosive in small quantities. 7) adding ice and salt to the ice bath to keep the temperature of the solution in the 100 ml beaker well below 30 degrees centigrade. Usually, the nitroglycerine will form on the top of the mixed acid solution, and the concentrated sulfuric acid will absorb the water produced by the reaction. 8) When the reaction is over, and when the nitroglycerine is well below 30 degrees centigrade, slowly and carefully pour the solution of nitroglycerine and mixed acid into the distilled water in the beaker in step 1. The nitroglycerine should settle to the bottom of the beaker, and the water-acid solution on top can be poured off and disposed of. Drain as much of the acid-water solution as possible without disturbing the nitroglycerine. 9) Carefully remove the nitroglycerine with a clean eye-dropper, and place it into the beaker in step 2. The sodium bicarbonate solution will eliminate much of the acid, which will make the nitroglycerine more stable, and less likely to explode for no reason, which it can do. Test the nitroglycerine with the litmus paper until the litmus stays blue. Repeat this step if necessary, and use new sodium bicarbonate solutions as in step 2. 10) When the nitroglycerine is as acid-free as possible, store it in a clean container in a safe place. The best place to store nitroglycerine is far away from anything living, or from anything of any value. Nitroglycerine can explode for no apparent reason, even if it is stored in a secure cool place. Nitroglyerine NITROGLYCERINE IS A *VERY* DANGEROUS SHOCK SENSITIVE EXPLOSIVE. IT IS USED IN MAKING DYNAMITE, AMONG OTHER THINGS. I AM NOT SURE AS TO THE PROPORTIONS AND AMOUNTS OF CHEMICALS TO BE USED, SO I SHALL USE ESTIMATES. MATERIALS- 70ML CONC. SULFURIC ACID 30ML CONC. NITRIC ACID 10 ML GLYCERINE ICE BATH 150ML BEAKER PUT THE 150ML BEAKER IN THE ICE BATH AND MAKE SURE THAT IT IS VERY COLD. SLO WLY ADD THE 70ML SULFURIC AND 30ML NITRIC ACIDS TO THE BEAKER, TRYING TO MAINTA IN A LOW TEMPERATURE. WHEN THE TEMPERATURE STARTS TO LEVEL OFF, ADD ABOUT 10ML GLYCERINE. IF IT TURNS BROWN OR LOOKS FUNNY, **RUN LIKE HELL**. WHEN NITROGLYCE RINE TURNS BROWN, THAT MEANS IT'S READY TO EXPLODE... IF IT STAYS CLEAR AND ALL WORKS WELL, KEEP THE TEMPERATURE AS LOW AS YOU CAN AND LET IT SIT FOR A FEW HO URS. YOU THEN SHOULD HAVE SOME NITROGLYCERINE, PROBABLY MIXED WITH NITRIC AND S ULFURIC ACIDS. WHEN YOU SET IT OFF, YOU MUST NOT BE NEARBY. NITROGLYCERINE CAN FILL 10,000 TIMES ITS ORIGINAL AREA WITH EXPANDING GASES. THIS MEANS THAT IF YO U HAVE 10ML'S OF NITROGLYCERINE IN THERE, IT WILL PRODUCE SOME 100,000ML'S OF G ASES. TO MAKE IT INTO DYNAMITE, THE NITROGLYCERINE MUST BE ABSORBED INTO SOMETHING LIKE WOOD PULP OR DIAMAECEOUS EARTH (SPELLED SOMETHING LIKE THAT). [ ] * Formulas For The Straight Dynamite Series * Probably one of the single greatest breakthroughs in explosives came by accident, when Nobel discovered a primitive form of dynamite. One of the primary ingredients of dynamite is nitroglycerine, which has great explosive power, although it has the disadvantage of being ultrasensitive to heat and shock. What dynamite does is to combine the high explosive power of nitro with a stabilizing agent, to render it powerful but safely usable. Nobel developed what is called today the straight dynamite series, which is nothing more than nitro and a stabilizing agent. The most common straight dynamite formulas follow (nitroglycerine will be referred to as NG): [1> NG 32 [10> NG 26 sodium nitrate 28 potassium nitrate 33 woodmeal 10 woodmeal 41 ammonium oxalate 29 guncotton 1 [11> NG 15 sodium nitrate 62.9 [2> NG 24 woodmeal 21.2 potassium nitrate 9 sodium carbonate .9 sodium nitrate 56 woodmeal 9 [12> NG 35 ammonium oxalate 2 sodium nitrate 37 woodmeal 27 [3> NG 35.5 ammonium oxalate 1 potassium nitrate 44.5 woodmeal 6 [13> NG 32 guncotton 2.5 potassium nitrate 27 vaseline 5.5 woodmeal 10 powdered charcoal 6 ammonium oxalate 30 guncotton 1 [4> NG 25 potassium nitrate 26 [14> NG 33 woodmeal 34 woodmeal 10.3 barium nitrate 5 ammonium oxalate 29 starch 10 guncotton .7 potassium perchloride 27 [5> NG 57 potassium nitrate 19 [15> NG 40 woodmeal 9 sodium nitrate 45 ammonium oxalate 12 woodmeal 15 guncotton 3 [16> NG 47 [6> NG 18 starch 50 sodium nitrate 70 guncotton 3 woodmeal 5.5 potassium chloride 4.5 [17> NG 30 chalk 2 sodium nitrate 22.3 woodmeal 40.5 [7> NG 26 potassium chloride 7.2 woodmeal 40 barium nitrate 32 [18> NG 50 sodium carbonate 2 sodium nitrate 32.6 woodmeal 17 [8> NG 44 ammonium oxalate .4 woodmeal 12 anhydrous sodium sulfate 44 [19> NG 23 potassium nitrate 27.5 [9> NG 24 woodmeal 37 potassium nitrate 32.5 ammonium oxalate 8 woodmeal 33.5 barium nitrate 4 ammonium oxalate 10 calcium carbonate .5 The figures given in the right column are percentage parts, adding up to a sum of 100%. Percentage parts are always based on a weight ratio rather than volume. When preparing any high-explosive formulas, be sure you know what you are doing. Have the correct equipment, and the correct chemicals. Many of these chemicals are sold under brand names, which are more familiar than their chemical names, but, before assuming anything, read the ingredients, and take nothing for granted. These formulas listed above are for straight dynamite. Straight dynamite is a very primitive form of what we know today as dynamite. Later ammonium nitrate was added to the dynamite. This substance produced a greater explosive action, but less velocity. The intensification of the explosive action results because ammonium nitrate furnishes more oxygen for the dynamite. Ammonium nitrate has not only been used in dynamite, but also in many other different explosive compounds, including nitroglycerine, picric acid, and coal dust. Ammonium nitrate when mixed with these substances creates the cheapest form of high explosive known to man. [ ] *How To Make TNT* [*TNT*] The name dynamite comes from the Greek word "dynamis", meaning power. Dynamite was invented by Nobel shortly after he made nitroglycerine. It was made because nitroglycerine was so dangerously sensitive to shock. A misguided individual with some sanity would, after making nitroglycerine (an insane act) would immediately convert it to dynamite. This can be done by adding various materials to the nitroglycerine, such as sawdust. The sawdust holds a large weight of nitroglycerine per volume. Other materials, such as ammonium nitrate could be added, and they would tend to desensitize the explosive, and increase the power. But even these nitroglycerine compounds are not really safe. T.N.T., or Tri-Nitro-Toluene, is perhaps the second oldest known high explosive. Dynamite, of course, was the first. It is certainly the best known high explosive, since it has been popularized by early morning cartoons. It is the standard for comparing other explosives to, since it is the most well known. In industry, a T.N.T. is made by a three step nitration process that is designed to conserve the nitric and sulfuric acids which are used to make the product. A terrorist, however, would probably opt for the less economical one step method. The one step process is performed by treating toluene with very strong (fuming) sulfuric acid. Then, the sulfated toluene is treated with very strong (fuming) nitric acid in an ice bath. Cold water is added the solution, and it is filtered. Probably the most inportant explosive compound in use today is TNT (trinitrotoluene). This and other types of high explosives are all used by the military, because of their fantastic power--about 2.25 million pounds per square inch, and their great stability. TNT also has the great advantage of being able to be melted at 82 degrees F., so that it can be poured into shells, mortars, and any other projectiles. Military TNT comes in containers which resemble dry-cell batteries, and are usually ignited by an electrical charge, coupled with an electrical blasting cap, although there are different methods. [ ] *How To Make Tetryl* Tetryl is commonly used in compounds containing TNT, and it works great by itself. Method for the preperation of tetryl: 1. A small amount of dimethyllaniline is dissolved in an excess amount of concentrated sulfuric acid (sulferic acid=battery acid). 2. This mixture is now added to an equal amount of nitric acid. The new mixture is kept in an ice bath and is well stirred. 3. After about five minutes, the tetryl is fltered and washed in cold water. 4. It is now boiled in fresh water, which contains a small amount of sodium bicarbonate(baking soda). This process acts to neutralize the remaining acid. The washings are repeated as many times as necesary according to the litmus paper tests. When you are satisfied that the tetryl is free of acid, filter it from the water and allow it to dry. When tetryl is detonated, it reacts in very much the same way as TNT. 2.0 BUYING EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS Almost any city or town of reasonable size has a gun store and a pharmacy. These are two of the places that potential terrorists visit in order to purchase explosive material. All that one has to do is know something about the non-explosive uses of the materials. Black powder, for example, is used in blackpowder firearms. It comes in varying "grades", with each different grade being a slightly different size. The grade of black powder depends on what the calibre of the gun that it is used in; a fine grade of powder could burn too fast in the wrong caliber weapon. The rule is: the smaller the grade, the faster the burn rate of the powder. [ ] * BLACK POWDER * Black powder is generally available in three grades. As stated before, the smaller the grade, the faster the powder burns. Burn rate is extremely important in bombs. Since an explosion is a rapid increase of gas volume in a confined environment, to make an explosion, a quick-burning powder is desirable. The three common grades of black powder are listed below, along with the usual bore width (calibre) of what they are used in. Generally, the fastest burning powder, the FFF grade is desirable. However, the other grades and uses are listed below: GRADE BORE WIDTH EXAMPLE OF GUN F .50 or greater model cannon; some rifles FF .36 - .50 large pistols; small rifles FFF .36 or smaller pistols; derringers The FFF grade is the fastest burning, because the smaller grade has more surface area or burning surface exposed to the flame front. The larger grades also have uses which will be discussed later. The price range of black powder, per pound, is about $8.50 - $9.00. The price is not affected by the grade, and so one saves oneself time and work if one buys the finer grade of powder. The major problems with black powder are that it can be ignited accidentally by static electricity, and that it has a tendency to absorb moisture from the air. To safely crush it, a bomber would use a plastic spoon and a wooden salad bowl. Taking a small pile at a time, he or she would apply pressure to the powder through the spoon and rub it in a series of strokes or circles, but not too hard. It is fine enough to use when it is about as fine as flour. The fineness, however, is dependant on what type of device one wishes to make; obviously, it would be impracticle to crush enough powder to fill a 1 foot by 4 inch radius pipe. Anyone can purchase black powder, since anyone can own black powder firearms in America. [ ] * Gun Powder * Charcoal 13% Saltpeter 75% Sulfur 12% -85% Potassium Nitrate 75% Potassium Nitrate -12% Charcoal 15% Charcoal -03% Sulfur 10% Sulfur (Saltpeter is Sodium Nitrate or Potassium Nitrate) Mix dry, add water to make past, let dry, then crush to grain. Do not use metal object when crushing. The chemicals should be ground into a fine powder (seperately!) with a morter ^ pestle. If gunpowder is ignited in the open, it burns fiercly, but if in a closed space it builds up pressure from the released gases and can explode the container. Gunpowder works like this: The potassium nitrate oxidized the charcoal and sulfur, which then burn fiercely. Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are gases released. [ ] * Formulas For Black Powder * Gunpowder is the great-granddaddy of all the rest of the high and low power explosives, and still to this day is one of the most important explosives. As with all the rest of the explosive formulas, it seems everyone has his own recipe, which he claims to be the best. I have collected 11 of the safer, more functional, methods of preparing gunpowder. The most important thing to remember when dealing with black powder is its incredible sensitivity to sparks. [1> Potassium perchlorate 69.2 [2> Potassium chlorate 75 Sulfur 15.4 Charcoal 12.5 Charcoal 15.4 Sulfur 12.5 [3> Potassium nitrate 70.4 [4> Potassium nitrate 79 Sulfur 19.4 Sulfur 3 Sodium sulfate 10.2 Straw charcoal 18 [5> Potassium nitrate 64 [6> Potassium nitrate 70.6 Sulfur 12 Sulfur 23.5 Lamp black 7 Antimony sulfate 5.9 Sawdust 17 [8> Potassium nitrate 37.5 [7> Potassium nitrate 50 Starch 37.5 Ammonium perchlorate 25 Sulfur 18.75 Sulfur 12.5 Antimony powder 6.25 Charcoal 12.5 [10> Guanidine nitrate 49 [9> Barium nitrate 75 Potassium nitrate 40 Sulfur 12.5 Charcoal 11 Charcoal 12.5 [11> Sodium peroxide 67 Sodium thiosulphate 33 When preparing black powder for use in firearms, it is important to keep in mind that these formulas are more powderful than ordinary potassium nitrate gunpowder, and for that reason smaller quantities should be used. The correct amount can only be discovered by trial-and-error experimentation, but caution must be taken to prevent overloading. Although black powder is one of the safest explosives, it has a disadvantage: It is extremely sensitive to sparks; and it leaves a messy residue in gun barrels, which necessitates frequent cleaning. The advantage of smokeless powder is the low-explosive class, which gives off only gaseuous products upon explosion. The first type of smokeless powder used by the army was basically nitrocellulose with a small amount of diphenylamine, for stablizer. Smokeless powder is perhaps the safest of any explosive compound, and for that reason is extremely popular today. [ ] * Napalm * 1. Fill the bottom container of a houshold double boiler with nothing 2. Fill the top container with gasoline 3. Using gentle electric heat, bring the gasoline to a boil 4. Slowly pour in powdered form soap flakes 5. Stir the mixture as you pour in the soap flakes 6. Continue until saturation 7. Allow the mixture to simmer, and set for a day or so Everyone knows that Napalm is a substance that will stick to practically anything and whn ignited will burn for a extremely long time. [*Napalm #2*] Napalm is in itself a very simple substance...it can be used for many things...(i.e. getting back at your neighor!!) Materials: Gasoline Joy or Palmolive(I prefer Joy) A Coke can with a sawed off top Ammonia Pellets A Drill Some bendable wire A Nail First,make a mixture of 1/2 Joy(my favorite),and 1/2 Gasoline. HTake the coke can, and fill it half full with this wonderful mixture... it should look like this: -^-^-^-^-^-^-^- ! ! ! ! <-Coke Can ! ! !=============! !=============! !=============! <-Mixture !=============! --------------- Now,take the drill(or some sharp object)and put a hole through the amm- onia pellet big enough for the nail.. Put the nail through the pelle